ABSTRACTS. 



1175 



great pickling firms in this country desire, and for goods possessing it 

 they are prepared to pay a higher price than for produce which is deficient in 

 this respect. 



" Summing up the results, it may he said, therefore,. that the success of 

 the Dutch trade in hrined vegetables is due to the better organisation of 

 the industry, and to the humbler standard of living of the Dutch growers, 

 which enables them to be satisfied with the smaller profit, and by these 

 means to overcome the disadvantages of heavier rents and freights." 



B. N. 



Orangeries. By Louis Lemoine (Le Jard. Oct. 5, 1902, p. 295).— 

 It is regretted that the successful cultivation of the Orange in the 

 latitude of Paris, formerly considered in France an important test of a 

 good gardener, has fallen into disuse. Hints for success in this are given. 



C. W. D. 



Orchids in Leaf Soil. By J. C, TaUack {Garden, No. 1614, p. 289 ; 

 25/10 1902). — The illustration given may help to dispel doubts as to the 

 suitability of leaf soil for Cattleyas. It shows a plant of C. Mendelli 

 which has been in a 6 -inch pot for over three years, and is only one of 

 many now growing well in leaf soil. The improvement in colour of leaf 

 of plants which have made one year's growth in leaf soil is so marked as 

 to enable one easily to distinguish them. — E. T. C. 



Palms and Camellias out of doors. By F. R. S. (Garden, No. 

 1617, p. 340; 15/11 1902).— Of the most beautiful and interesting 

 perennials I have been able to grow successfully in the light, very dry, 

 sandy soil of the north part of Surrey, I give to Chamcerops excelsa the 

 palm, but several Bamboos and Camellias come next. The experiences 

 of an amateur gardener in growing these plants out of doors form 

 instructive and interesting reading. Illustrated from a photograph of 

 Chamcerops excelsa. — E. T. C. 



Pansy, The English. By R. Dean (Garden, No. 1612, p. 245 ; 

 11 10 02). — Few persons in the South now cultivate the English Pansies — 

 the yellow grounds, white grounds, and selfs. There is a persistency in 

 many of these that I miss in some of the newer Violas, which seem to go 

 down rapidly after blooming freely for a few weeks. The finest blooms 

 are obtained from plants put out in the autumn. The cultivation of 

 Pansies in pots to secure fine exhibition blooms was much followed fifty 

 years ago, but is now practically a lost art. — E. T. C. 



Pansy, The Fancy. By R. Dean, V.M.H. (Gard. Mag. No. 2544, 

 p. 491; 2 8/1902). — The first of a series of articles on "florist's flowers" 

 by a well-known veteran florist. He gives a brief sketch of the history 

 of the development of what are termed "Fancy Pansies" as distinguished 

 from the Show Pansies. This history, as in all cases of flowers that have 

 been developed by florists from primitive material, is interesting. 



The names of Salter and Downie in this country and Meillez in 

 France are prominent in connection with the early improvement of the 

 Fancy Pansy, and the work is still going on. The writer gives a descrip- 

 tive list of the finest sorts, which will be useful to lovers of the flower. 



W. G. 



