ABSTRACTS. 



1203 



Witches' Broom in Silver Fir. By E. Fischer (Zeit. f. Pflanz. xii. 

 pp. 193-202, 2 plates ; 1902).— In 1901 the author showed that JEciclmm 

 clatinum on Silver Fir had as its teleutospore generation, M clamp scrclla 

 Caryophyllacearum on species of Cerastium, Armaria, and Stellar ia (see 

 Abstracts, Sept. 1902, p. 272). The observations of another year are 

 recorded, and confirm the earlier conclusions. The plates show the pro- 

 gress of witches' brooms caused by artificial infection of Silver Fir with 

 teleutospores. — TF. G. S. 



Wood Leopard Moth, The. By E. Bartrum, D.D. (Gard. Mag. No. 

 2538, p. 381, 21/6/1902). — This insect pest, which infests Apple-trees, has 

 evidently been studied by the writer, as he shows an intimate knowledge 

 of its life-history and habits. In this article he describes the various 

 methods for its extermination. The various chemical mixtures (washes) . 

 which have been more or less efficacious are described, besides other modes 

 of destruction. In the opinion of the writer fowls, in large orchards, as 

 they scratch the soil, 'find and devour the larva? of insect pests. The 

 various remedies for the American Blight on Apple-trees are also dis- 

 cussed in this article. — W. G. 



Woods inimical to each other {Bev. Hort. No. 21, Nov. 21, 1902, 

 p. 496). — Editorial note that certain kinds of wood, when associated, 

 become disorganised at points of contact. Cypress wood is cited as 

 uniting badly with Walnut and Cedar, a phenomenon of which the cause 

 appears to be unknown. — C. T. D. 



Worms of the Garden and Lawn. By H. Friend {Gard. Chron. 



No. 828, p. 333, Nov. 8, 1902, and No. 830, p. 372, Nov. 22, 1902).— In 

 these two numbers the writer gives the history and a description of the 

 " Red worm " (Lumbricus rubellus), one of our commonest earthworms, 

 and gives some particulars about these creatures generally, and says that 

 " In the lawn it is undoubtedly of real service to the gardener, as it helps 

 to keep the ground porous, and produces a fine soft mould from its casts, 

 which is specially adapted to act as a stimulant to the more tender forms 

 of grass. It should not be destroyed, as it seldom gets out of bounds or 

 becomes injurious to plants." The two remaining species will be dealt 

 with in a future paper. — G. S. S. 



