376 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



to name, may be relied upon in any season to form solid hearts 

 without bolting. 



The improvement in the Cabbage has been entirely due to 

 selection. The advent of the Nonpareil was a distinct gain to 

 horticulture. Amongst others, Shaw of Newbury did much to 

 make this Cabbage popular ; and as it is one of the best for 

 spring sowing, it will be long before it ceases to be grown. 

 Enfield Market is popular where a large growing Cabbage is 

 required. Almost every market-gardening district has its own 

 particular selection, as seen in the Rainham, Higham, Evesham, 

 East Ham, and Fulham varieties. 



Rapid strides have been made in the improvement of early 

 Cabbages for summer use, and although many of the earliest are 

 of Continental origin we on this side can claim no inconsiderable 

 amount of credit for careful selection. Earliest of All, Express, 

 and their kindred types, are Cabbages which we could not now 

 well do without, but on account of their tendency to bolt they 

 must give place for August sowing to those previously named. 



The Hardy Green Colewort was introduced in 1852, and a 

 selection from it, Rosette Colewort, appeared a few years later. 

 These give very important crops for consumption towards the 

 end of the year, and are delicious in flavour. 



Red Cabbages have been so far improved that instead of 

 relying on an August sowing for heads to use the following 

 summer and autumn they can now be obtained in the same year 

 by sowing in spring. 



Savoy Cabbages, on account of the limited period in which 

 they are required for use, have not had so much attention devoted 

 to them, although it is now possible, by the use of recently 

 introduced early and later varieties, to extend the supply from 

 August to April if required. 



Brussels Sprouts, 



amongst Brassicas, stand next in importance to the Cabbage, 

 Broccoli, and Cauliflower. This plant was well known in 1837, 

 but since that time wonders have been accomplished in its 

 improvement by means of selection, and we now have dwarf, 

 medium, and tall varieties of great excellence. Scrymger's 

 Giant, Dalkeith, and Reading Exhibition were among the earlier 



