EXAMINATION IN HORTICULTURE. 155 



•5. Mention a few common weeds which usually grow — 



(1) On clay soils ; 



(2) On sandy soils ; 



(3) On limestone soils. 



('). Explain the ill effects which arise from too deep planting. 



7. How may a succession of vegetables be obtained during every month 

 in the year ? 



8. Explain the process of grafting, and state what objects are served 

 by it. 



S). By what circumstances is the work of the leaves impeded ? 



10. Why is a combination of various substances in manure generally 

 preferable to the application of one substance alone ? 



11. Describe the method of preparing the ground for Strawberries; the 

 preparation of the runners ; also the best time and method of planting. 



12. Give some illustrations where Fungi, so far from being injurious, 

 contribute to the welfare of the plant on which they grow. 



13. What are the relative advantages of training fruit-trees on the 

 espalier system, and on walls ? 



14. What variations occur in the m: ie of growth of i cutting? 



LOWEB GKADE QUESTIONS. 

 Eight questions only to be answered ; any eight the candidate prefers. 



1. On what circumstances does the productiveness of the soil depend? 



2. Describe the method of preparing the ground for fruit-trees, and the 

 method of planting standard, pyramid, and bush trees on free, and on 

 dwarfing stocks. 



3. In laying out a garden, what are the first operations to be performed ? 

 Describe them in detail. 



4. What do plants derive from the soil, and how do they take up nourish- 

 ment from it ? 



5. What purposes are served by digging and hoeing ? 



0. What are the best manures for fruit-trees ? Describe the best way 

 of applying them. 



7. Describe the method of preparing the ground for such crops as 

 Carrots, Beet, and Parsnips. 



8. What are the circumstances favourable to the germination of seed ? 



9. What is understood by wireworms, and what are the best methods of 

 dealing with them ? 



10. What are the conditions most favourable to the growth of Asparagus? 



11. Why is blanching required in the case of Sea-kale, Celery, and some 

 other crops? 



12. Some plants produce their flowers from the old, others from the new 

 wood. Mention the method and season of pruning adapted to both circum- 

 stances. 



13. At what season of the year does the Celery-fly attack the plants ? 

 How may it be prevented ? 



14. Describe the system of culture by which Cucumbers can be grown 

 out of doors in England at a profit. 



