120 



JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



the magnum opus of his great contemporary, Phillip Miller, of 

 the Chelsea Physic Garden. 



1724. Phillip Miller, F.E.S. Miller was born in 1691, and 

 is said by Prof. Martyn to have succeeded his father as gardener 

 to the Apothecaries' Company at Chelsea in the year 1722, on 

 the nomination of Sir Hans Sloane. Miller studied the botanical 

 systems of Ray and Tournefort, and he visited Holland to study 

 the garden practice of that land of flowers. Miller wrote a 

 *' Gardener's Kalendar " in 172-1. 



The first edition of his " Gardener's Dictionary " was pub- 

 lished under the auspices of a society of gardeners, of which 

 Miller was secretary, in 1724, but it appeared in folio in 1731, and 

 had passed through seven editions by the year 1759. In the 

 seventh edition the Linnean system was adopted, and it is 

 esteemed the most complete, though an eighth was published in 

 1759 during the author's lifetime. In 1807, Dr. Martyn, Pro- 

 fessor of Botany at Cambridge, published an edition in four folio 

 volumes, which is a useful book of reference even to-day. 

 Linnaeus visited the Chelsea Garden and saw Miller in 173G. 



There is no doubt that the influence of Miller, added to that 

 of the Chelsea Garden and his great " Dictionary of Gardening," 

 exerted a most powerful stimulus on the garden craft of the 

 eighteenth century. 



1754. James Justice, F.R.S., one of the principal clerks of 

 session in Scotland, was a gentleman who resided at Crichton, 

 near Dalkeith, and he was passionately fond of gardening. He 

 twice went to Holland and once to Italy to study horticultural 

 subjects, and his collection of Auriculas or "Bears Ears," as 

 they were then called, was very famous. He is said to have 

 been the first to introduce Pineapples to Scotch gardens. 



He wrote " The Scots' Gardener's Director " in 1754, which 

 again appeared in 1704 as " The British Gardener's Director," 

 and there are several other editions. It is a truly original and 

 valuable practical work, and was one of the prized possessions of 

 the poet Robert Burns. One of the earliest of all Scottish 

 authors on gardening was John Reid, who wrote " The Scotch 

 Gardener" in 1683, 4to. Another edition was published in 

 Edinburgh as late as 1766, to which is appended a " Treatise on 

 Forest Trees," by the Earl of Haddington. 



