A ^'KAi; \.Mi>N(i rilK <)K(;JIA1M)S Ol" NOVA SCOTIA. 9 
is, however, very rar,'. Woolly aphis is not {•ounnoii, and it is said 
to have come from luirope, and that l^urope did not derive it from 
America. 
For horticultural purposes insects may he divided into two classes : 
(1) those that chew their food, such as caterpillars ; and (2) those that 
feed by sucking the juices, such as scale insects and aphides. 
The chewing insects may be destroyed by distributing poison over 
those parts of the plant upon which they feed. 
In Canada spraying is almost universally practised. Useful pumps 
are manufactured for the purpose, provided with a paddle to agitate the 
liquid. The pump is usually fitted mto a parafHn barrel ; the hose-pipe is 
Fig. 1. — Oechard Spraying in Nova Scotia. 
10 to 15 feet long, often lengthened by a light bamboo tube rod 6 to 
10 feet long, in order to reach high up into the trees ; the spraying 
nozzles are mostly of the Vermorel pattern. The barrel is mounted on a 
cart or low waggon (" sloven "), and drawn by a horse through the 
orchard, taking two or three persons to drive, pump, and direct the spray. 
The reproduction of a photograph (fig. 1) illustrates this. In some cases 
orchards are sprayed quite early in spring to clean the bark of the trees 
from scale and moss, using J to 1 lb. caustic rock potash to 1 gallon of 
water, or this may be applied to the trunks with a vegetable fibre (not 
hair) lime- wash brush either at this time or in June. For spraying with 
the stronger potash solution men sometimes wear old macintoshes, rubber 
gloves, and strap a macintosh over the horse. 
Powdered caustic potash is sold at most grocery shops in Canada, as it 
is used for soap-making. A 1-lb. tin costs about 5d. ; this is a very 
convenient form for spraying purposes. 
