A YKAH A.MoNd I'lIK OKCIIARDS ( H ' NOVA SCoTIA. 
11 
cardboard boxes, containing 1 lb., costing about 9t/. It may bo tested 
for its purity by ammonia, which should dissolve it completely, producing 
a deep blue li(]uid. 
When Paris green is used alone without the Bordeaux mixture it is 
always advisable to add an equal quantity, or twice the quantity, of lime, 
for the purpose of taking up the soluble arsenic which may exist and 
might injure the foliage. 
To spray twenty-year-old trees, planted 40 to the acre, costs about 2s. 
to 4s. per acre per application for materials, and takes about 1^ to 8 
gallons per tree to spray thoroughly on both sides. It takes nearly 
double the quantity to spray when in full leaf that it does before the 
blossoms open. About four to six applications are generally needed. 
Professor Bailey tells us that with a 300-gallon tank drawn by two 
horses with three men, one driving and pumping, the other two standing 
on the rear platform two or three feet above the tank, directing the spray, 
each with a hose-pipe, the pump having an automatic stirrer — with this 
rig five acres of full-grown apple trees can be thoroughly sprayed in a 
day. 
All the working parts of the pump should occasionally be oiled, also 
the nozzles. 
In using both copper sulphate and potash, iron vessels should be 
avoided, preferably using wooden pails. Before working with these 
liquids it is a good plan to rub the hands over with mutton or some other 
fat not containing salt. Avoid spraying work when the hands have open 
cuts or sores, and wash the hands w^ell after work. For spraying it is 
advisable to wear one's worst clothes. A broad-brimmed (straw or rush) 
hat is of advantage in shielding the face from spray. Spray from the 
windward side, and only when calm. 
For currant and gooseberry caterpillar, freshly ground white hellebore 
is used, either as powder, or if used as a liquid, 1 oz. to 3 gallons of 
water is recommended. 
The trunks of old apple trees are sometimes scraped with a short- 
handled triangular hoe or box scraper to clean off loose bark and moss, 
the dwelling-places of the bark lice, and the winter quarters of the Codlin 
moth ; this is usually done in Canada about April. 
Insects, the food of which consists only of the sap or juice of the plant, 
and which thrust their beaks through the epidermis of the plant before 
they begin to suck in their food, are unharmed by any poison on the 
outside of the plant. This class of insect, to which scale and aphis 
belong, can only be destroyed by some substance which is applied to the 
insect itself, which either burns or stops the breathing pores of the body, 
and so kills it. 
For apple bark scale {Mytilaspis ijomomm) the following mixture is 
used, either in winter or about the middle of June, when the young lice 
are hatching out : — 
Paraffin 2 gallons. 
Rain water 1 gallon. 
Hard soap ^ lb. ; or 
Soft soap 1 quart. 
