240 JOURNAL OF THE EOYAL HOETICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
winter months. The escape of one of these " mites " means an increase 
of fi'om 2,000 to 3,000 larv« in the following autumn. So that to be 
successful we must be careful to make the application very thorough. 
(2) That when the scale (female) is brown and dry it affords shelter 
first to the eggs and subsequently to the young ones. At such periods 
it is dead and dry, and its removal tends only to scatter the eggs or 
prematurely the young ones. 
Lime-wash is supposed to kill this insect, but it is only partial in its 
effect, and does not kill more than about 50 per cent, of the insects. 
Fig. 104.— Hawthokn and Apple Scale 
Leccmiiim geiievense) on branch of Hawthorn partly destroyed by the msects 
: •■ (nat. sizei. 
The [paraffin emulsion Xo. 1, p. 258, is more effectual and is much more 
pleasant to use. The caustic soda preparation (No. 7) during the last 
two or three years has met with much favour among horticulturists as a 
remedy for this pest, but its use causes much pain to the hands of the 
operator, and, moreover, gives little or no better results than the lime- 
wash. But whatever application is made, numbers of the insects escape, 
and it is always advisable to go over the trees in spring, and destroy any 
insects that may be found. Such work, however, should be carried out 
before egg-laying takes place, and before the insects have attained their 
bi'own colour and the hardened condition of the integument. 
