306 JOURNAL OF THE KOYAL HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 
PAPERS SET AT THE EXAMINATIONS 
HELD BY THE 
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
FROM 1893 TO 1900. 
1893. 
EIGHT QUESTIONS ONLY TO BE ANSWERED; 
Any Eight the Candidate prefers. 
HIGHER GRADE. 
1. Explain the mode of formation of the soil. 
2. What evils arise from stagnant moisture in the soil ; and why is access of air 
necessary to the roots of plants ? 
3. In the selection of a site for the formation of a garden, what are the principal 
conditions to be observed ? Describe those of most importance. 
4. Describe the usual system of rotation of cropping in the kitchen garden, and 
what are the advantages derived therefrom ? 
5. Mention a few common weeds which usually grow — 
(1) On clay soils ; 
(2) On sandy soils ; 
(3) On limestone soils. 
G. Explain the ill effects which arise from too deep planting. 
7. How may a succession of vegetables be obtained during every month in the 
year ? 
8. Explain the process of grafting, and state what objects are served by it. 
9. By what oircuiiistances is the work of the leaves impeded ? 
10. Why is a coml)ination of various substances in manure generally preferable to 
the application of one substance alone ? 
11. Describe the method of preparing the ground for Strawberries ; the prepara- 
tion of the runners ; also the best time and method of planting. 
12. Give some illustrations where Fungi, so far from being injurious, contribute to 
the welfare of the plant on which they grow. 
13. What are the relative advantages of training fruit-trees on the espalier system, 
and on walls ? 
14. What variations occur in the mode of growth of a cutting ? 
