308 JOURXAL OF THE EOYAL HORTICULTUEAL SOCIETY. 
the insect enemies and diseases to which they are subject, and point out the best ways 
of dealing with them. 
1(3. Mention the time of planting, and indicate the general method of culture suit- 
able for the flower-garden. 
1895. 
Elementary Principles. 
1 (rt). What substances do plants absorb by means of their roots? Explain the 
process of absorption by the root. 
(6). What elements do plants obtain from the air, and by what agency do they 
obtain them ? 
2. Explain the effect on flowering plants of an adequate, a deficient, or of an 
excessive amount of heat. 
3. How are " cuttings " made ? Describe the changes that occur during the pro- 
cess of " striking." 
4. What are the objects sought to be obtained in digging the soil ? 
o. Write as fully and orderly a description as you can of any plant in common 
cultivation, through all stages of its growth, from the germination of the embryo to 
the formation of the seed. 
6. What organs of the plant are rei^resented respectively by an Onion, a Potato, 
Beet, Turnip, and a Pea-pod ? 
7. Describe the mode of growth of the common Mushroom. 
8. What is meant by " green-fly " ? What is the best application to rid plants 
growing out of doors of this pest ? 
Horticultural Practice. 
9. Name six of the best species of hothouse flowering plants and give some of the 
general details of culture. Name some of the insect pests that infest such plants, 
and state the best method to be adopted for their destruction, 
10. Give general details for growing Peas, and the method of culture, time of 
sowing, etc., to give a supply for as long a period as possible. What is the use of the 
nodules on the roots ? 
11. What is an Alpine plant, as the name is generally understood in gardens ? 
Describe the cultural requirements of such plants, and the best way to propagate 
them. 
12. What is the original parentage of the Cauliflower and Broccoli ? Give the 
method of culture, and the best varieties to obtain a succession all the year round. 
13. Give some details of the culture of Grape-vines under glass. Describe the 
diseases to which they are subject and the insect pest which attack them, and their 
cure. 
14. What kinds of fruit-trees and bushes are best adapted for culture in small 
gardens ? Briefly describe the best method of culture, and arrangement of the trees 
and bushes. 
15. In a walled garden what kind of fruit-trees would you recommend to be 
planted on the four aspects — south, north, east, and west ? What distance apart 
should the trees be ? Suggest the best width of the borders and height of the walls. 
16 (a). What do you consider the best class of soil for fruit-trees, and how ought 
it to be prepared for them ? 
(b). Is there any method of culture iikely to prevent canker in Apple trees or 
gumming in Apricots, Cherries, and Plums ? 
189G. 
Elementary Principli^s. 
1. What are the objects sought to be obtained by digging the soil ? Of what use 
is it to the crops ? 
2. What do plants do when exposed to bright sunshine, and what takes place 
when they are subjected to total darkness ? 
3. Of the elements and compounds that go to make up the constitution of 
plants, a few occur in much larger proportion than others. Which are they, and 
whence are they obtained ? 
4. What are the "reserve materials" of plants? Where lU'e they stored? 
^^'hat use is made of them ? 
