358 
JOUEXAL OF THE EOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Some of the most successful orcliardists advise the removal of the top 
spit carefully, then digging a somewhat deep hole, and placing the surface 
soil at the bottom ; and upon this the tree's roots are set out, and the hole 
filled up with the top spit. Where there is a subsoil of cold, heavy clay 
L~;f u i I J_ x_ _ J _ ; . L . _ i . 
I I I 
L_LJ_L_l_\l___LJ_i___l_L a:i1 
t 't % f ^ 
t t 1 
I f f f 
f -I < f. 
Fig. 123. — Hexagonal or Septuple Systeji. 
this plan is admirable, but in warmer sandy soils it is unnecessary. One 
of the most experienced Prune growers in Santa Clara County advises 
throwing out of dead furrow (after the land has been prepared), in which 
