142 BEY. H. J. WHITE, M.A.j ON CONNECTION BETWEEN VULGATE 



all sinned" ("for that," A.V. and R.V.). The Greek is i<f>$ 

 7rdvT€s ijfiapTov, and the g5 is certainly neuter, not masculine ; 

 it therefore = " inasmuch as," iirl rovrcp on. Origen, however, 

 took it as masculine, and the Old Latin version, which Jerome 

 followed, rendered it in quo. This is a quite possible transla- 

 tion, and I have noted a parallel case in II Cor. v, 4, where 

 St. Paul says, " We that are in this tabernacle do groan, being 

 burdened ; not for that we would be unclothed, but clothed 

 upon," etc. : the Greek there is i<j>'S ov 6e\ofiev eK^vcraaOaL, 

 k.t.X.. and the Vulgate renders it eo quod nohimus expoliari ; 

 but the Old Latin MSS. d e, one Vulgate MS. (H) and Hilary 

 and Augustine have in quo nohimus, etc. The Vulgate reading 

 in Eomans, however, gives a perfectly different doctrinal sense 

 to the passage — " sicut per unum hominem peccatum in hunc 

 mundum intra vit et per peccatum mors, et ita in omnes homines 

 mors pertransiit in quo omnes peccaverunt "asserts the mystical 

 union of the whole human race with Adam, so that when he 

 sinned all men sinned in him. This text was accordingly 

 pressed in this sense by Ambrose, Augustine, and other of the 

 Western Fathers, Augustine using it frequently in his contro- 

 versy with the Pelagians : and undoubtedly it did much to 

 support in the West the explanation of original sin as being due 

 to the mystical union of the race with its first father. 



The famous text of the " Three Heavenly Witnesses " in 

 I John v, 7, is a good instance of the manner in which a 

 marginal gloss niav obtain a footing in the text of the Bible. 

 Its presence in our A.V. was due to the Greek text published 

 by Erasmus.* Erasmus published his first edition of the Greek 

 Testament in 1516 without the verse; but in his third edition, 

 published 1522, he inserted it, in accordance with a promise he 

 had given that he would do so if he could find it in a single 

 Greek MS. He did find it in a sixteenth-century MS. — i.e., 

 a MS. not so old as Erasmus himself — the Codex Montfortianus, 

 in which the clause is clearly a translation from the Latin. As 

 a matter of fact the text is not found in any Greek MS. at all 

 until we get to the fourteenth or fifteenth century ; it is then 

 found in two MSS., having come into them from the Vulgate. 

 Xone of the Oriental versions has it ; and it is not quoted by 

 a single Greek Father, though, e.g., in the Arian controversy, it 



* Westcott, Epistles of St. John, p. 207. 



