ENTOMOPIITIIOREAE OF THE UNITED STATES. 



159 



Empusa Grylli (Presenilis). 

 PI. 14, figs. 17-48. 



Entomophthora Orylli, Fresenius I. c. A; I. c. B, p. 203, figs. 24-43. Sorokin I. c. C, p. 



211, fig. 653. Farlow, Ellis Exsiccati N. A. Fungi, No. 1401. 

 Empusa Grylli, Nowakowski I. c. B, p. 108, figs. 72-98. Schroeter I. c, p. 222. 

 Entomophthora aulicae, Reichhardt in lit. (see Bail I. c). Cohn I. c. B, p. 77. Sorokin 



I. c. C, p. 212. Schroeter I. c, p. 221. 

 Entomophthora Calopteni, Bossey I. c.j Ellis Exsiccati, No. l^fOl. ^ 



Conidia ovoid to pear-shaped, with a broad papillate base and evenly rounded apex; 

 30-40// X 25-36ju ; hyaline and containing one or more large fat globules. Conidiophores 

 simple, coalescing externally when growing luxuriantly, and arising directly from round- 

 ed irregular hyphal bodies, with or without subsequent branching. Cystidia wanting. 

 Secondary conidia of one kind, like the primary. Resting spores spherical, colorless; 

 30-45/y. in diameter; produced terminally or laterally from hyphae, directly within or by 

 budding from hyphal bodies; or by a pseudo-conjugation between two divisions of a 

 single hyphal body. Host attached to substratum by the contraction of its legs. 



Hosts. Lepidoptera: larvae of many genera of Arctians and of Orgyia nova. Orthop- 

 tera: larvae, pupae and imagines of many genera of Acridians. Imago of Ceuthophilus. 

 ? Diptera: larvae and imagos of Tipulidae, etc. (see E. conglomeratd) . 



Habitat. Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, Washington, D. C, 

 North Carolina, Ohio, Iowa, Newfoundland, Europe. 



As will be observed, by the synonymy given above, I have included under this species 

 the two forms described as E. aulicae and E. Calopteni. The description of the first- 

 mentioned species by Cohn 1 is, I believe, the first mention of this name that is ac- 

 companied by any note which would render a determination possible. There can be no 

 doubt, I think, that the form common in this country on hairy caterpillars is the same 

 species described from Europe on similar hosts, since the American form agrees with the 

 European in all respects as far as can be ascertained from published data. Assuming 

 this identity, a comparison of the form on caterpillars and the still more common form 

 on grasshoppers, can hardly fail to afford convincing proof that the two represent a sin- 

 gle species, their general structure, development and appearance being the same, or 

 varying within similar limits. 



I have observed numerous epidemics of the grasshopper form at Kittery in Maine, 

 near Boston and in North Carolina; and the caterpillar form seems also very common, 

 assuming, Mr. Howard informs me, an epidemic character among the Hyphantria larvae 

 which have recently done considerable damage to the shade trees in Washington. 



In the summer of 1886, I found an epidemic early in September among grasshoppers 

 that were destroying the second crop in a field at Kittery, and also noticed a number of 

 Arctian larvae similarly affected in an adjacent garden. Being struck with the similar- 

 ity between the two, I endeavored to transfer the disease from the grasshoppers to cat- 

 erpillars, and for this purpose placed a larva of Spilosoma virginica and several of 



1 1. c, p. 78. 



