38 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



insecticides ; the important thing is to arrive at a definite plan of 

 operations for summer spraying as a regular practice, and for each 

 orchard this must depend upon the circumstances. 



10. Grease-banding. — The practice of tying grease-proof paper on 

 the trunks of fruit trees and treating them with grease is well known and 

 generally practised where Winter Moth and its allies are abundant. It is 

 important to use a grease-proof paper and a grease that remains sticky. 



11. Codling Moth Banding. — Where Codling Moth is abundant, 

 many may be trapped by tying bands of cloth or sacking round the 

 trunks after July ; the caterpillars, as they seek shelter for the winter, 

 get into the band and can be destroyed. 



12. Clear up " Windfalls." — Many apples and pears affected with 

 Codling Moth fall early, and if not picked up or removed the Codling 

 larva leaves the fruit and gets to shelter. Not all windfalls are due 

 to insects, but many are. In some of the Dominions legislation has 

 made the daily picking up of windfalls compulsory. 



The above are the recommendations one would suggest as effective 

 for keeping orchards clear of pests. You may have a nightmare 

 vision of an orchard as a place full of lurking insects ready to leap out 

 of their hiding-places, and you may wonder why you ever get any fruit ; 

 but if you will, when the fruit is picked, ascertain exactly what 

 percentage is bad, what percentage slightly damaged so that they 

 will not keep, and what percentage perfectly sound, I think you 

 will agree that I have not overdrawn the picture, and that some such 

 code of rules should be in force in the business orchard. 



Cleanliness, clean cultivation, is the essence of horticulture ; to 

 grow what you want and nothing else, to give all the good of the soil, 

 all the sunlight, the air, and the rain to the plants you want, to maturing 

 fruit for your use, that is the essence of success in a business in which 

 you set out to get every fruit that the land will produce in a perfect 

 marketable condition and without blemish. 



[My thanks are due to Miss Reid for drawings, to Mr. Malby and 

 Mr. Westrop for beautiful slides, to Messrs. W. Cooper and Nephews 

 for permission to use unpublished slides. The text includes information 

 gathered from the writings of Professor Theobald, Miss Ormerod, 

 Mr. W T arburton, and others.] 



APPENDIX. 

 Fruit Pests and their Food-Plants. 



Brown-tail Moth. — Apple, pear, plum, oak, elm, sloe, hawthorn. 



Gold-tail Moth. — Apple, pear, plum, oak, cherry, sallow, birch, 

 beech, hawthorn, nut, rose. 



Lackey Moth. — Apple, pear, plum, hawthorn, oak, elm, rose. 



March Moth. — Apple, plum, hawthorn, sloe, oak, lime, elm, 

 maple, walnut. 



Mottled Umber Moth. — Apple, pear, plum, cherry, cob, filbert, 

 oak, birch, honeysuckle, rose. 



