l8 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



of excellent quality. The lower branches are large and wide-spreading, 

 the upper ascending, all the main branches ending in masses of dense 

 and heavy foliage in summer. This is probably the most dangerous 

 of the Elms for dropping heavy branches. It is the only British 

 Elm of the Campestres group, and the characters given for the group 

 distinguish it. Of the leaves it may still further be stated that the 

 blades of the terminal ones are elliptical-ovate, about 2 J in. long and 

 1 1 in. broad ; the lower ones suborbicular, subcordate, and asymmetrical 

 at the base, doubly serrate, rather acuminate, hairy and rough above, 

 softly hairy beneath ; those of the suckers much smaller, narrower, 

 and rougher above. 



Hybrids. 



48, 49. There are two important hybrid Elms, both referred to 

 U. glabra x nitens by Dr. Moss (see Gard. Chron. ser. 3, li. 198 (1912) ). 

 These are U. X vegeta Schneider, the well-known Huntingdon or 

 Chichester Elm, and U. x hollandica Miller, the Dutch Elm. The latter 

 is U. montana var. major Syme, Eng. Bot. viii. 142 (1868). U. X vegeta 

 constitutes the well-known Brooklands Avenue at Cambridge. It is 

 the strongest-growing of all the Elms, and is a magnificent tree where 

 there is sufficient space, but where there is not sufficient space, as in 

 some cases of its use at Cambridge, it is entirely out of place. Shoots, 

 it is said, may grow to a length of 10 ft. in one season and the leaves 

 may be 5 or 6 in. long, while trees 30 ft. high may be grown in ten 

 years from the graft. The strength of growth exhibited by U. vegeta 

 is accounted for by its being a hybrid, and hybridizing for the 

 production of good timber in the shortest possible time is now one of 

 the great ideas in forestry. This hybrid Elm was said by Mr. John 

 Wood (see Loudon's "Arboretum") to produce the best timber of all 

 the Elms. It was raised about the middle of the eighteenth century 

 in the nursery of Messrs. Wood & Ingram, of Huntingdon, from seed 

 gathered in Hinchingbrook Park. The slide of U. hollandica exhibited 

 represented the first of a row of trees on the Madingley Road, 

 just before reaching the entrance to the grounds of the Observatory 

 and on the same side. The suckers and some of the branches are 

 remarkably corky. This Elm is apparently more productive of suckers 

 than any other, and where the trees occur in a hedgerow they appear 

 to displace the Quick, and some hedges are entirely composed of them. 

 This Elm is said to have been brought to this country from Holland 

 by William III. Its timber is said to be very inferior. 



50. Another hybrid Elm, also between Ulmus glabra and U. nitens, 

 for which a name has not been determined, is represented by fine 

 examples outside Emmanuel College. 



5jC 3j» 5j* 5$! 5(5 5jC 



During the lecture, without any suggestion that circumstantial 

 evidence is always neglected, attention was drawn to its value in the 

 determination of what a plant may be. The first illustration was in the 



