NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



153 



a new disease, differing from Scab, Scaly Bark, and Anthracnose, in the larger 

 size of the spots which are formed on the infected portions. The actual cause 

 of the disease has not yet been determined, but there are reasons to suppose that 

 a species of Phyllosticta is concerned in its production. 



To control and eradicate the disease, all infected plants should be immediately 

 destroyed. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture is apparently ineffective in checking 

 the spread of the fungus. — A. B. 



Citrus-root Nematode. By N. A. Cobb {J our. Agr. Research, ii. pp. 217- 

 230, June 1914 ; figs.). — Tylenchulus semipenetrans is a newly discovered eelworm, 

 similar in many ways to the well-known Heterodera radicicola. It attacks the roots 

 of Citrus trees in California and elsewhere, which it kills. Attacked roots become 

 somewhat swollen,;and the cortex contracts so that it appears more or less as a 

 series of beads along the central tissues of the root. Water at a temperature 

 of 140 0 is sufficient to kill the eelworm, while it does not injure seriously any but 

 the smallest roots, which are soon replaced when the pest is killed. — F. J. C. 



Citrus Trees, Diseases. By G. P. D. Smith and E. Mackinnon {Agr. Gaz. 

 N.S.W. vol. xxv. pp. 945-954 ; 4 plates). — The diseases of Citrus trees are for 

 the most part due to fungi, which may be kept in check by rigorously cutting 

 out and burning the diseased wood and fruit, and by spraying as soon as the 

 fruit sets. The following sprays are recommended : Bordeaux mixture, lime 

 sulphur, and ammoniacal copper carbonate. The last is prepared by dissolving 

 5 oz. of copper carbonate in 3 pints of ammonia (26 0 Baume) and diluting with 

 50 gallons of water. Melanose, due to Phomopsis Citri, Brown Spot, due to 

 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Scab, Wither-tip, and Die-back may all be cured 

 by this treatment. To protect fruit in transit from blue mould, spray the 

 packing cases with formalin (1 : 100) and wrap each fruit in paper. Sooty mould 

 or fumagine does much damage. It is caused by Capnodium citricolum, which 

 only thrives on trees infested with scale. Spray with washing soda (3 lb. to 

 8 gallons of water) or dilute starch (1 lb. to 4 gallons). 



Irregular water supply induces to attacks of " Maori," and insufficient shade 

 to Black Spot. Honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) attacks the roots of the trees 

 in the form of dark-brown strands, developing into brown toadstools at certain 

 seasons. The foliage is affected. When this is noticed, scrape away the soil 

 from the roots, cut out diseased parts, and dress with Bordeaux paste. Collar 

 Rot is treated in the same way. Stimulate growth by the application of manure. 

 Exanthema is due to poor soil and lack of humus. Chlorosis is recognized by 

 the appearance of white blotches on the leaves. It is due to absence of iron in 

 the soil and too much lime. — S. E. W. 



Clematis Armandi (Bot. Mag. tab. 8587). — China. Nat. Ord. Ranunculaceae, 

 tribe Clematideae. Shrub, far-climbing. Leaves trifoliate; leaflets ovate- 

 lanceolate, to 4 inches long. Cymes axillary, several-flowered. Flowers 2 inches 

 across. Sepals, 5-7, white. — G. H. 



Coelogyne brachyptera (Bot. Mag. tab. 8582). — Burma. Nat. Ord. Orchida- 

 ceae, tribe Epidendreae. Herb, epiphytic. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 5-6 

 inches long. Flowers showy, greenish-yellow, 2 inches across. — G. H. 



Collectors, Hints for (Kew Bull. 1914, p. 97, May 1914 ; figs.). — 

 A valuable series of directions for collectors, and transmitting or preserving 

 plants for cultivation or as museum specimens. — F. J. C. 



Conifers, Notes on. By A. Bruce Jackson (Gard. Chron. Jan. 30 to May 

 15, 1915, pp. 53, 78, 206, 259 ; 4 figs.). — A continuation of the critical notes begun 

 in the previous year. Cupressus macrocarpa, C. sempervirens, C. lusitanica 

 and its var. Benthamii are the trees dealt with. — E. A. B. 



Cotoneaster Franchetii (Bot. Mag. tab. 8571). — Western China. Nat. 

 Ord. Rosaceae, tribe Pomeae. Shrub, 3-10 feet high. Leaves ovate, f inch long. 

 Inflorescence corymbose. Corolla £ inch across, rose-coloured. Fruit orange- 

 red, \ inch long. — G. H. 



Cottonwood in the Mississippi Valley. By A. W. Williamson (U.S.A. 

 Dep. Agr., Bull. 24, December 31, 1913). — The common cottonwood, Populus 

 deltoides Marsh., occurs principally along the margins of streams from the Province 



