210 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



shaped, sky-blue, sweet-scented flowers, and C. grata or C. Jouineana, 

 a strong-growing, spreading species, with quantities of bluish-white 

 flowers, produced in axillary panicles. 



For size and beauty the species are mostly far surpassed by the 

 hybrids, which, for grace, beauty of flower, diversity of colour, and the 

 many different uses to which they can be put, may justly be called 

 the most beautiful climbing plants we have in our gardens. 



The first to take up their hybridization systematically was 

 Mr. Anderson Henry, of Edinburgh, who, in 1855, crossed C. patens 

 with C. lanuginosa, from which he obtained C. X Reginae, though 

 I believe the honour of raising the first hybrid must be given to Mr. 

 Henderson of Pine-apple Nursery, who, sixteen years previously, 

 had raised C. X Hendersoni, but whether it was an artificially produced 

 or a chance hybrid I am unable to say. 



The next to take up hybridizing was my father, who, in 1858, 

 raised the still popular variety C. X Jackmanni, which he followed up 

 with several others, many of them still in cultivation. 



Among them were C. X rubella, C. X velutina purpurea, ' The 

 Queen,' ' Fair Rosamond,' ' Mrs. Geo. jackman,' ' Countess of 

 Lovelace,' 'Sir Garnet Wolseley,' alba magna, 'Mrs. Hope,' 'Blue 

 Gem,' ' Princess of Wales,' ' Belle of Woking,' and others. 



We are indebted to Mr. T. Cripps, of Tunbridge Wells, for 

 'Lady C. Nevill,' 'Madame van Houtte,' 'Sensation,' 'Star of India,' 

 ' Grand Duchess,' and ' Fairy Queen ' ; to Mr. C. Noble, of Bagshot, 

 for ' Miss Bateman,' ' Lord Londesborough,' ' Lady Londesborough,' 

 ' Mrs. Cholmondeley,' and ' The President ' ; and to M. V. Lemoine, 

 of Nancy, for lanuginosa Candida, ' Otto Froebel,' ' Kermesina,' 

 and ' Lucie Lemoine,' and for several varieties in the herbaceous 

 section. 



Varieties of more recent introduction are ' Beauty of Worcest er ' 

 and ' Snow-white Jackmanni ' from Messrs. R. Smith, of Worcester ; 

 ' Marcel ' and ' Nelly Moser ' from Messrs. Moser, of Versailles ; 

 ' Perle d'Azur ' and ' Ville de Lyon ' from Messrs. F. Morel, of Lyons ; 

 the varieties of the new Wokingensis type, viz. : — ' Admiration, 

 ' Countess of Onslow,' ' Duchess of Albany,' ' Duchess of York/ 

 'Sir Trevor Lawrence,' 'King Edward VII./ 'Queen Alexandra/ 

 'Lady Northcliffe/ 'Lady Betty Balfour,' 'Mrs. Spencer Castle/ 

 'Empress of India,' and montana superba from the Woking Nurseries, 

 All of these are marked improvements both in form, size, and colour. 



As a decorative plant, the Clematis is almost unequalled ; few- 

 climbers can surpass it for covering the wall of a house, training over 

 trellis-work, or climbing an arch or pillar. It is also at home in the 

 conservatory or cool greenhouse. Several varieties of the Jackmanni 

 and Viticella types are also adapted for pegging down in beds, and 

 covering tree-stumps, where, owing to their profusion of bloom, they 

 give a most gorgeous effect. 



Some of the smaller-flowered species, such as C. Flammula, C. 

 montana, C. Viticella, C. gravcolens, C. Buchaniana, C. tangutica, and 



