372 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



are frequent and easily made in celery. The name Bacillus apiovorus is given 

 to the organism, which appears to differ in certain characters from others which 

 have been isolated from celery. — F. J. C. 



Celery Leaf-spot, Spread of, by use of Affected Seed, and its Prevention. By 



G. H. Pethybridge {Jour. Dep. Agr. and Tech. Inst. Ireland, xiv. July 

 I9i4;figs.). — It has been proved definitely and clearly that the celery leaf- 

 spot disease can be contracted and propagated by the use of affected seed 

 bearing the fungus in a living state upon it. Further, that such seed may be 

 rendered innocuous by soaking for three hours in hydrogen peroxide (10 or 20 

 vols.) or for three hours in formalin (1 part to 600 of water) without detriment 

 to the seed. — F. J. C. 



Chestnut-blight Fungus, Dissemination of Ascospores. By F. D. Heald, M. W. 

 Gardner, and R. A. Studhalter (Jour. Agr. Research, hi. March 1915, pp. 493-526; 

 maps and plates). — The authors give the results of a long series of experiments 

 which show that the ascospores of this fungus are air-borne to over 400 feet from 

 the source of infection. — F. J. C. 



Chestnut Blight Fungus : The Persistence of Viable Pyenospores on Normal 

 Bark below Lesions. By R. A. Studhalter and F. D. Heald (Amer. Jour. Bot. 

 ii. April 1915, pp. 162-168). — A study of the part taken by birds and insects 

 in the dissemination of the chestnut blight fungus (Endothia parasitica (Murr.) 

 And.) has shown that these animals can carry large numbers of pyenospores, 

 and these become lodged in normal bark below the lesions of the disease (p. 370). 



Careful experiments were made with strips of normal chestnut bark 4 cm. 

 x 4 cm., and of thirty-six pieces experimented with only five failed to yield 

 positive results. 



An abundance of viable pyenospores was obtained at as great a distance 

 below a lesion as 70 cm. Most of the tests were made one or two days after 

 rain. One series, tested fourteen days after a rain of -56 inch, gave positive 

 results in five cases out of a possible nine. — A. B. 



Cider, Acetincation of. By O. Grove (Ann. Rep. Agr. Res. Stn., Long 

 Ashton, 1914, pp. 25-26). — The acetification of cider can be prevented by the 

 exclusion of air from the vessels in which it is kept. A new model trap to effect 

 this exclusion has been devised and is described. — F. J. C. 



Cider Sickness, The Treatment of. By O. Grove (Ann. Rep. Agr. Res. 

 Stn., Long Ashton, 191 4, pp. 22-24). — The results of experiments go to show 

 that increase of acidity, either by blending acid and sweet ciders or by the addition 

 of tartaric acid, affords the surest means of reducing the amount of cider sickness. 

 The acidity should be brought up to .5 per cent. Other possible methods are 

 suggested. — F. J. C. 



Cider, The Blackening of. By O. Grove (Ann. Rep. Agr. Res. Stn., Long 

 Ashton, 1914, pp. 34-35). — The presence of iron in the juice leads to the blackening 

 of cider on exposure to the air. The author recommends that iron utensils should 

 be used as little as possible in making cider, and where their use is essential 

 they should be washed immediately before and after use. — F. J. C. 



Ciders and Perry, 1913-1914, Single Variety. By B. T. P. Barker and 

 O. Grove (Ann. Rep. Agr. Res. Stn., Long Ashton, 1914, pp. 11-21). — 

 Gives analyses of ciders and perry made from single varieties of apples and 

 pears. — F. J. C. 



Citrus, A Powdery Mildew of. By C. N. Carter (Phytopathology, v. June 

 J 9i5> PP- 193-196; plates). — A mildew was found on Tangerine oranges (one 

 variety only, ' Dancy ') which appears to be new. The name Oidium iingi- 

 taninum is proposed for it. Warm weather, fog, and abundant new growth 

 occurring together appear necessary for the development of the disease. — F. J. C. 



Citrus Canker II. By E. W. Berger, H. E. Stevens , and F. Stirling {U.S.A. 

 Agr. Exp. Stn. Florida, Bull. 124, Oct. 191 4, pp. 26-53 I M fi g s -)- — This paper 

 supplements Bull. 122 and describes the laboratory investigations into the 

 cause of this disease. It is closely related to the Stem-end Rot (Phomopsis 

 citri), but appears to be a much more virulent organism. It has been placed 

 in the genus Phyllosticta, but further study is necessary before its true position 

 can be definitely determined. 



The paper further deals with the attempts made to eradicate the disease in 

 Florida, and describes the drastic measures taken to prevent the spread of the 



