NOTES AND ABSTRACTS 



373 



disease. These included the burning of many thousands of infected trees with 

 kerosene, and the disinfection of the soil with fire, in certain districts in Dade 

 County. — A. B. 



Clematis alpina carunculosa. By S. Mottet (Rev. Hart. Aug. 16, 1915. 

 pp. 534-5 ; 1 ill.). — Described as a vigorous floriferous variety, with yellow flowers 

 in May and June ; seed-vessels subsequently very decorative. Quite hardy and 

 highly recommended. — C. T. D. 



Clematis montana rubens. By G. T. Grignan (Rev. Hort. March 16, 191 5, 

 p. 428). — Explanation relative to short life of many plants of this variety, due to 

 injudicious grafting. Best grown on own roots. Also by F. Morel and L. 

 Mottet, April 1, 1915, 443-5, with suggestions as to the cultivation of this and 

 other noteworthy forms of Clematis. — C. T. D. 



Coffee, Fungus Diseases of, in Porto Rieo. By G. L. Fawcett (U.S.A. Agr. 

 Exp. Stn. Porto Rico, Bull. 17, pp. 1-29, Feb. 1915 ; 8 plates). — The commoner 

 diseases of the coffee are herein described, and include the Leaf Rot (Pellicularia 

 koleroga), the Leaf Spot (Stilbella flavida), the Berry Spot (Cercospora coffeicola), 

 and the Stem Rot (Fusarium sp.). For the control of the first two, repeated 

 sprayings with Bordeaux mixture are of great value, while for the control 

 of the Cercospora coffeicola shading the plants is of value in checking the 

 spread of the disease. It is, however, of importance " to keep the still healthy 

 younger plants in good condition, rather than attempt to exterminate the diseases 

 amongst the older trees." — A. B. 



Columnea gloriosa var. superbi. By D. Bois (Rev. Hort. June 16, 1915, 

 pp. 503-5 ; col. pi. and 1 ill.). — A^pretty plant for suspended baskets, forming long, 

 slender branches, bearing numerous bright red, somewhat Pentstemon -like flower s. 

 Warm greenhouse, winter flowering. — C. T. D. 



Conifers, Notes on. By A. Bruce Jackson (Gavd. Chron. 1915). — A con- 

 tinuation of critical notes and figures. Those now dealt with are : Cupressus 

 arizonica, June 5, 1915, p. 315, with fig. ; C. funebris, Aug. 7, p. 78, with fig. ; 

 C. cashmeriana, Sep. 25, p. 196, with fig. — E. A. B. 



Co-operation in the Distribution and Marketing of Fruits. By E. Meeking 

 (Jour. Agr. Victoria, Oct. 1914, pp. 605-9). — Wherever the co-operative prin- 

 ciple has been adopted, the following would appear to be the chief essentials for 

 success : — 



1. Thorough preliminary organization by the selection of the more intelligent 

 growers in each district as organizers. 



2. Large subscribed capital. 



3. Wide distribution of shares. 



4. Good management. 



5. Business-like rules. 



6. Loyalty from shareholders. 



7. Clauses in articles of association to penalize disloyal shareholders. 



8. The establishment of central packing-houses in each district. 



9. Packing near point of production. 



10. Selling, when possible, near point of production. 



11. The introduction of cool storage accommodation and ice-car transport. 



12. The formation of (a) district associations ; (b) central distributing 

 exchanges. 



13. Incorporation of district associations with central distributing exchanges. 



14. Dividends to shareholders never to be above the current bank rate of 

 interest. 



15. The selling of fruits in standardized grades ; such grades to be always 

 typical of quality. 



.^16. Fruits, whenever possible, to be handled in large lots. — C. H. H. 



Crops, How they can be grown without Potash Manures next year. 



By E. J. Russell, D.Sc. (Jour. Bd. Agr. xxii. 5, August 19 15). — A long and 

 technical article, essentially for farmers, but interesting and useful to horticul- 

 turists. Dr. Russell points out that all sources of potash already on the farm, 

 e.g. wood ashes, damaged straw, mangold and other leaves, liquid manure &c, 

 should be conserved and not wasted, as is often the case in normal times. He 

 also points out that in well-farmed soil much potash is locked up, and this can be 

 liberated by the application of sodium salts, such as sulphate of sodium or agricul- 

 tural salt or by application of lime. — G. C. G. 



