378 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



of farmyard manure favour disease ; early tipping of diseased shoots, as 

 soon as growth of hushes has stopped for season, is the only practical means 

 known at present for reducing disease. — G. C. G. 



Gooseberry Mildew, American, Spraying Experiments on Summer Stage of. By 



B. T. P. Barker and A. H. Lees {Ann. Rep. Agr. Res. Stn., Long Ashton, 1914, 

 pp. 73-76). — A spray designed to kill the mycelium and spores, followed 

 by one designed to cover the bush and protect it against future infection, were 

 applied. Considerable difficulty was found in wetting the fungus, the best 

 results being obtained with a 2 per cent, paraffin emulsion (soft soap 20 lb., 

 paraffin 2 gallons, water 100 gallons) followed by ordinary Bordeaux mixture 

 (copper sulphate 8 lb., quicklime 8 lb., water 100 gallons). Lime-sulphur, 

 soda Bordeaux, and soluble sulphur caused considerable defoliation. — F. J. C. 



Gooseberry Mildew, A Note on American. By M. A. Bailey (Ann. Appl. 

 Biol. ii. July 1915, pp. 158-165). — The author describes the incidence of this 

 disease on batches of seedling gooseberries in three consecutive years, and 

 suggests that the germination of the spores near the top of the bushes is due 

 rather to the variations which occur in temperature &c. than to the infection 

 of the bushes through perithecia resting near the top of the bushes, as has been 

 suggested. — F. J. C. 



Gooseberry Mildew, The Peritheeial Stage of. By E. S. Salmon (Jour. Agr. 

 Sci. vi. May 1914, pp. 187-193 ; figs.). — The author describes the opening 

 of the perithecia of Sphaerotheca Mors-TJvae, and suggests that occasionally, at 

 any rate, the winter spores (which are produced in some cases as early as May) 

 germinate and reproduce the disease in the same season as the}>" are formed. 

 Most of the mature perithecia appear to drop earl}-, for none of those examined 

 by Mr. Salmon, collected in February, contained winter spores. This means 

 that the soil about the plants is apt to become thoroughly infected quite early in 

 summer or autumn. — F. J. C. 



Grape Affection, A. By F. E. Gladwin [Phytopathology, v. June 1915, 



pp. 169-174; fig.). — A leaf -blight disease in which the apical leaves of affected 

 shoots show yellow streaking in the intervenal spaces ; a little later other leaves 

 develop pallor, the discoloration being most marked near the margin, where a 

 yellow band is produced, which subsequently dies. At other times brown spots 

 develop on the leaves. The fruits do not colour well, nor are they so sweet as 

 normal ones. The author traces this trouble to interference with the water 

 supply, generally through ill development of the root system in comparison 

 with the shoots. — F. J. C. 



Grapes, Dead-Arm Disease of. By Donald Reddick (U.S.A. Agr. Exp. Stn., 

 New York, Bull. 389, July 1914, pp. 463-490 ; 8 figs., 6 plates). — The dead- 

 arm disease of grapes is found in the majority of vineyards in the States, and 

 is caused by the fungus Cryptosporella viticola Shear. The most striking 

 features of the disease are the presence of bare arms in the spring and the 

 production of dwarfed, yellow-coloured leaves during the early part of the 

 growing season. 



The fungus produces both perithecia and pycnidia, the last being the com- 

 moner method of reproduction. Numerous conidia and scolecospores are exuded 

 from the pycnidia in the spring, and readily infect the growing shoots of the vines 

 and cause their death. The fungus is* unable to live underground, and rarely 

 passes down the stem to the roots. 



The chief method of control suggested is the removal of all vines showing 

 symptoms of the disease. Suckers originating from below the surface of the 

 ground are usually strong and vigorous vines, and, unless infected in the first 

 few weeks, can resist the disease to a great extent. 



There is appended a short bibliography. — A. B. 



Grapes, A Test of Commercial Fertilizers for. Bv U. P. Hedrick and F. E. 

 Gladwin (U.S.A. Exp. Stn., Geneva, New York, Bull. 381, March 1914).— The 

 value of commercial fertilizers as a paying proposition was well proven in the 

 State vineyard, particularly those containing all the necessary ingredients. 



However, the co-operative experiments in the various private vineyards 

 proved both contradictory and unsatisfactory. 



The authors imply that the decrease in grape yield generally complained of 

 was not due so much to want of fertilizing material as to want of co-ordination 

 in methods, and suggest that in the order as given, (1) good drainage, (2) control 

 of pests, (3) improvements in tillage and general care, (4) and then the addition 

 of such fertilizers as may be found necessarv, would prove to be the remedy 

 or remedies needed. — C. P. C. 



