THE HISTORY OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES. 451 



It is perhaps necessary to add that the Apples named above as 

 examples are not in many cases those described by Diel, but are 

 modern varieties which are more likely to be known than the old 

 German sorts which Diel studied. 



The next great figure in pomology was Edward Lucas, who was 

 born at Erfurt in 1816, his father being a physician. 



A keen botanist from early days, young Lucas studied at the 

 Botanic Garden and University of Munich. Passing thence to a 

 small botanic garden at Regensburg, he acquired some fame as a 

 botanist and was appointed later as an instructor at the School of 

 Horticulture at Hohenheim. 



It was, however, at the School of Pomology which he instituted 

 at Reutlingen in 1869 that his real pomological work began. This 

 establishment soon acquired an international fame, and a large 

 number of students passed through its curriculum. 



Lucas' contribution to Systematic Pomology consisted in an 

 enlargement of Diel's system, as the following table shows : — 



Outline of the Diel- Luc as System, 



Classes, i. Calvilles. 



2. Schlotters. 



3. Gulderlings. 



4. Rosenapfels. 



5. Taubenapfels.* 



6. Rambours. 



7. Rambour Reinettes.* 



8. Borsdorfer Reinettes.* 



9. One-coloured Reinettes.* 



10. Red Reinettes.* 



11. Gold Reinettes.* 



12. Grey Reinettes.* 



13. Striped Apples.* 



14. Pointed Apples. 



15. Flat Apples, 



The new classes which Lucas added are marked by a star, and 

 it will be evident at once that these are natural ones based upon 

 marked types of Apples. Class 5, the Tauben Apples or Dove Apples, 

 was another case where a popular variety gave its name to a class. 

 The Dove Apples are those whose curious blue-red colour, caused 

 by a light bloom overlaying a dull red, is supposed to resemble 

 the breast of a dove. The same idea had evidently occurred in 

 France, where so far back as 1667 Merlet described a ' Pomme 

 Pigeon.' This class is not, I think, represented by any well-known 

 English fruits, but the ' Blue Pearmain ' would, when on the tree, 

 give a good idea of the colouring suggested. 



In Class 7, the Rambour Reinettes, we again have a new division 

 which is valuable, and contains those large unequal-sided Apples of 

 the Rambour shape but with the flesh of the Reinettes. ' Roundway 

 Magnum Bonum ' is a good example. 



In Class 8 the well-known 'Borsdorfer ' serves as a type. 



In the treatment of the Reinettes Lucas expands Diel's orders 

 of Gold, Red, Grey, and Self-coloured into classes, and they and the 

 remaining classes follow closely Diel's original suggestion. 



