NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



511 



Apple, Eye-rot of. By E. S. Salmon and H. Wormald (Card. Chron. Nov. 6, 

 191 5 ; p. 289 ; 2 figs.). — An apparently new fungus disease, somewhat like 

 brown rot, but always commencing at the eye. Noticed in three different 

 districts. Possibly due to Fusarium ptitrcfaciens. It is important, should it 

 spread, to pick off and burn all affected fruit, and by insecticides to keep trees 

 free from insects likely to puncture the fruit. — E. A. B. 



Apples and Pears, Insect Pests of. By W. B. Gurney {Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. 

 vol. xxvi. pp. 303-312 ; 2 plates). — Thrips in orchards are dealt with by ploughing 

 in green manure, weeds, and dead matted grass. The ground should be ploughed 

 as close to the trees as possible. Just before the buds begin to swell, spray 

 with lime-sulphur wash, and use a tobacco wash as the buds are opening. A 

 solution of benzol (£ oz.), soft soap (2 oz.), in 2 gallons of water is very effective 

 and does not damage the most delicate blooms. 



To destroy San Jose Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus), spray with dilute lime- 

 sulphur wash ten days before the buds burst, or red oil emulsion may be used. 

 Nursery stock should be exposed to hydrocyanic gas for forty minutes. Mussel 

 Scale (Mytilapsis pomorum) is removed by spraying with lime-sulphur wash or 

 red oil emulsion in midwinter. The adult Apple Root Borer (Leptops hopei) 

 feeds on the leaves and buds of the tree, and lays her eggs on a leaf which she has 

 previously folded over. The grubs fall to the ground and burrow down to the 

 roots on which they feed. The adult beetles may be collected by hand or by 

 shaking the tree over a sheet. The grubs are destroyed on the leaves by spraying 

 with lead arseniate, but it is also necessary to lay bare the roots of trees and col- 

 lect the buried grubs. The Pear and Cherry Slug (Selandria cerasi) is eliminated 

 by dusting the foliage with lime, tobacco dust, or hellebore, or by spraying with 

 lead arsenate. When a tree is attacked by the Shot-hole Borer (Xyleborvs 

 solidus) cut out and burn infested wood and dead limbs. Stimulate the growth 

 of the trees by suitable fertilizers. Paint or spray the branches with a mix- 

 ture of soft soap, 1 pint of crude carbolic acid, and 15 or 20 gallons of water. 

 Red Spider {Bryobia pratensis) increases in dry weather ; it is easily destroyed 

 by lime-sulphur wash or red oil spray in winter or early spring. The grubs of 

 the Brown Apple Moth (Cacaecia responsiva) eat into the fruit like the Codling 

 Moth grubs, and may be destroyed by the same methods. Pear-leaf Blister 

 Mite (Phytoptus pyri) is checked by spraying with kerosene emulsion (1 in 10), 

 red oil emulsion, or lime-sulphur wash as the last leaves fall before winter, and 

 if necessary treat with lime-sulphur wash before the leaf-buds open in spring. 

 The Pear and Cherry Tree Borer (Cryptophaga) in the grub stage bores holes from 

 2 to 6 inches deep in the trees. The grubs are killed by polung a wire in the 

 holes or by squirting kerosene into the bores. 



The only way to get rid of the Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata) is by burning the 

 infested fruit and turning up the soil around the trees. The Painted Acacia 

 Moth (Teia anartoides) is kept in check by collecting the cocoons or spraying with 

 lead arsenate. Hand-picking and spraying with lead arsenate are the best 

 means of dealing with the Emperor Gum Moth (Antheroea eucalypti) and the 

 Grey-streaked Climbing Cut-worm (Prodenia littoralis). — S. E. W. 



Apples, Late. By C. Maheut (Le Jard. vol. xxviii. pp. 172, 173). — 'La 

 Rochelle,' ' Teint Frais,' and ' La Grand'mere ' are grown in enormous quantities in 

 France, and are highly valued for their large size, good quality, and especially 

 for the fact that they travel well and keep till the beginning of June. ' La 

 Rochelle,' also known as ' Reinette Clochard,' comes from the west of France ; 

 ' Teint Frais ' is grown in large quantities in Finistere, and ' La Grand'mere ' is 

 grown in the Angers district. — S. E. W. 



Aristolochia longicaudata (Bot. Mag. tab. 8613). — Tropical South America. 

 Family Aristolochiaceae. Herb, perennial, climbing. Leaves ovate, 4! in. long. 

 Flowers solitary. Perianth pale cream, with brown streaks or reticulations, 

 basal portion curved and inflated, lobes narrowed to about 8 in. long, spirally 

 twisted. — G. H. 



Artichoke, Globs, Enemies of the. By A.-E. de Mezieres (Rev. Hort. d'Alg. 

 No. 12, Dec. 1913, p. 445 ; figs.). — -The Globe Artichoke is the object of intensive 

 cultivation on an important scale in the three Algerian departments. This 

 article gives a descriptive list of the various insect pests which cultivators have 

 to reckon with. — M. L. H. 



Bags, Mouse-proof. By G. Gow (Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. vol. xxvi. p. 28). — 

 Mice will not touch seed- or wheat-bags if they are rubbed over with sulphur. 



S. E. W. 



