512 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Basket Willow Culture. By G. N. Lamb (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bull. 622, 

 p. 34 ; 24 figs.) — Willows are propagated from cuttings, taken from one- or 

 two-year-old shoots about six weeks before they are required for planting. The 

 cuttings are from a foot to 1 8 inches long, with smooth ends at right angles to 

 the axis of the rod. They are stored in an upright position in moist sand in a 

 cellar with an even temperature. Early spring is the best time for planting. 

 A loose sandy loam with a uniform supply of moisture is the ideal condition. 

 Holes to receive the cuttings are made with a stake or rod. The cuttings should 

 not protrude more than two inches above the surface of the soil. The ground 

 must be kept free from weeds. After the willows are cut they must be kept in 

 water until they are peeled. Steam peeling }delds a second-class article. 



5. E. W. 



Bean, Jack. By E. Cheel (Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. vol. xxvi. pp. 391-394; 1 plate). 

 — In warm districts the Jack or Sword Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) may be 

 grown as a substitute for Broad Beans. It is a good cropper and is not attacked 

 by insects. It is valuable as fodder. — 5. E. W. 



Beans, Oriental. By C. V. Piper and W. J. Morse (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bull. 

 119, pp. 32 ; 7 plates). — The adsuki bean (Phaseolns angularis) is extensively 

 cultivated in Japan for human food. It is an annual requiring the same con- 

 ditions of climate as the common bean, and is self-fertile. The bean grinds 

 easily, and the delicate flavour of the flour makes it suitable for cakes, con- 

 fectionery, and soup. The mung bean (P. aureus), the rice bean (P. calcaratus), 

 the urd (P. Mungo), and the moth bean (P. aconitifolius), like the cowpea, require 

 hot summer weather for development, and are not recommended for cultiva- 

 tion in the United States. — S. E. W. 



Bee Diseases, Destruction of Germs of Infectious, by Heating. By G. F. 



White, M.D., Ph.D. (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. Entom., Bull. 92, May 1914 ; 3 

 tables). — Contains an account of experiments made to determine the minimum 

 temperatures that can be used for destroying the germs of the four bee diseases 

 now known to be infectious. — V. G. J. 



Blackberries, Eradication of. (Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. vol. xxvi. p. 85.) — Black- 

 berries may be destroyed by cutting back the plants and spraying with a solution 

 of 1 lb. of sodium arsenite in 5 gallons of water. — S. E. W. 



Cabbage Maggot, In Relation to the growth of Early Cabbage, The. By 



W. J. Schoene (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., New York Agr. Exp. Stn., Bull. 382, April 

 1914 ; 6 plates, 5 figs.). — Considering the safeness to the plant, the ease of 

 application, cost, and protection from the maggot, the use of tar pads seems 

 to be the most practical method yet devised for protecting early cabbage from 

 this insect. 



These pads are cut in the shape of a hexagon from roofing paper known as 

 " single-ply tarred felt " with a slit running up to the centre. Slip the pad 

 around the plant after it is set, and see that it fits snugly round the stem. The 

 pad should then be pressed down firmly, so that the under-surface will be in 

 contact with the soil. — V. G.J. 



Campanulas, Smaller, for the Rock Garden. By M. Hornibrook (Irish Gard. 

 x. p. 170 ; Nov. 1915)- — This is the first article of a series on this charming group, 

 and deals with the numerous forms of Campanula rotundifolia and its allies, C. 

 garganica and allies, C. abietina and C. Stevenii, C. pusilla and allies, and C. excisa. 

 The last seems very intractable, and the author recommends replanting it in 

 fresh soil immediately after flowering. — F . /. C. 



Campanulas for the Rock Garden. By M. Hornibrook (Irish Gard. x: p. 182; 

 Dec. 1915)- — Continuation of article, dealing with dwarf campanulas, including 

 Campanula isophylla and C. Mayi, C. muralis and its varieties, C. alpina and 

 its forms, C. barbata, C. moesiaca, C. orbelicar, C. bellidijolia, C. tridentata, C. 

 Saxijraga and variety, C. mirabilis, and other forms suitable for the rock 

 garden. — F. J. C. 



Campanulas for the Rock Garden. By M. Hornibrook (Irish Gard. xi. p. 4 ; 

 Jan. 1 91 6). — Useful notes on Campanula petraea, C. pulla and its forms, C. 

 Raineri, C. Raddeana, C. rhomboidalis and its forms, C. Saxijraga, C. tridentata, 

 C. bellidijolia, C. alpina, C. Aucheri, C. thyrsoidea, C. tyrolensis, C. punctata, 



