NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 



535 



Tobacco or corn planted on land which has been under clean cultivation the 

 previous year, and kept free from weeds which live throughout the winter, does not 

 suffer serious injury. 



The larvae cannot live through the winter in the soil from the previous summer 

 unless plants on which they are able to feed are present. Experiments show 

 that the most effective method of control consists of eradicating such weeds as 

 buckhorn, plantain, daisy, stickweed, &c. — V. G. J. 



Tomatos In the Southern States. By H. C. Thompson (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., 

 Bull. 642, 13 pp. ; 9 figs.). — The following varieties of Tomato are recommended 

 for growing for market : Bonny Best, Chalk's Early Jewel, Greater Baltimore, 

 Red Rock, Globe, Favourite, Acme, and Stone. Sparks' Earliana is one of 

 the best earlies for local consumption. Stone and other deep red varieties 

 have a ready sale for canning. Tomatos should not be planted on any plot 

 that has in the previous year grown a crop affected by nematoids. Spray with 

 Bordeaux mixture to prevent the attacks of fungoid diseases. — S. E. W. 



Transpiration of Emersed Water-plants, Its Measurement and its Relation- 

 ships. By C. H. Otis (Bot. Gaz. vol. lviii. p. 457). — This long paper of 38 pages, 

 including 14 " charts," has for its object to discover the difference between the 

 transpiration from the plants and the evaporation from the surface of the water. 

 In the section on "The Relation of certain Physical Factors to Transpiration," 

 the following are alluded to : Temperature, relative humidity, wind. A most 

 extraordinary omission is light. 



One of the conclusions in the " Summary " is that " Transpiration from 

 emersed water-plant surfaces occurs both by day and night, but transpiration by 

 day is greatly in excess of that by night." — G. H. 



Tree Fillings and Wound Dressings for Orchard and Shade Trees. By A. D. 



Selby (Ohio Agr. Exp. Stn., Circ. 150; January 11, 1915). — Materials: Dry 

 sawdust of any variety, and solid asphaltum such as ' Byerlyte ' and that used 

 for fillings in brick pavements. 



For Cavities in Swaying Branches. — One part asphaltum to 3 to 4 parts 

 sawdust. Moisten tools in Varnolene or possibly in crude oil. See below. 



For Cavities in Trunks. — One part asphaltum to 5 to 6 parts of sawdust. 

 Moisten tools with Varnolene or crude oil. Stir sawdust into hot melted 

 asphaltum until desired consistency is reached. Distribute sawdust, as added, 

 evenly over surface of vessel to avoid boiling over. Apply in cavities while still 

 hot. No joints or sheet paper separations are required as in cement fillings. If 

 surfaces of fillings are irregular or lack uniformity of colour, coat them with gas 

 tar or liquid asphaltum. 



Gas Tar and Liquid Asphaltum. — Experience has recently shown the practical 

 value of gas tar and forms of liquid asphaltum as wound dressings. The relatively 

 low cost of the gas tar, 15 to 20 cents a gallon, and certain of its qualities, render 

 it adapted to use for wound dressings. — A. D. W. 



Tree Surgery, Practical. By J. Franklin Collins (U.S.A. Dep. Agr. Year Book 

 1913, separate 622, pp. 162-190; 7 plates). — This describes the various methods 

 for preserving old and valuable trees against decay. For the filling up of large 

 cavities in trees, it is recommended to remove completely the decayed wood 

 and then to sterilize with creosote or hot asphalt ; afterwards to fill the cavity 

 with a good grade of Portland cement. Various asphalt mixtures are also of great 

 value in filling up cavities. 



This can be safely undertaken only when the sap is not running too freely, as 

 then the cambium is less active and less liable to injury. — A. B, 



Tropaeolum tricolor. By J. Rudolph (Le Jard. vol. xxix. p. 274). — 

 Tropaeolum tricolor is a dwarf variety from Chile, with flowers having a scarlet 

 tube, orange centre, and black tips. The bulbs are grown in a cool house, in a 

 compost consisting of equal parts of loam, sand, and peat. It can be propa- 

 gated from cuttings. In autumn the plants are dried off and the tubers replanted 

 in March.— 5. E. W. 



Turnip Gall Weevil. Anon. (Jour. Bd. Agr. xxii. No. 9, Dec. 1915 ; 

 5 figs.). — The Turnip Gall Weevil is at times a source of considerable loss to 

 turnip and cabbage crops, but its presence is not always recognized owing to 

 its likeness to the fungus injury known as " finger and toe." The weevil causes 

 a gall or swelling, in|which|the larval period is passed.® Descriptions and figures 

 are given of larva, pupa, and adult, while the life-history ."distribution, and methods 

 of^control are dealt with fully. (The article has since appeared as a leaflet.) 



G. C. G. 



