the flat-leaf aspect of the wings. But the effect in this case is less strongly 

 mimetic, for the body presents a less leaf-like surface than the wings, especially 

 in its lack of venation. Indeed, some of the green grasshoppers have scarcely 

 more than a general obliterative equipment of counter shading and foliage- 

 color. 



The next family of Orthoptera, the Grillidce or crickets, have less to show 

 in the way of disguising-costumes. Mainly nocturnal, and in many cases 

 subterranean and fossorial, they largely lack highly developed colors and 

 patterns. Most of them are black, blackish, or brown,— monochrome, without 

 pronounced obliterative shading. Diurnal kinds, which stay above ground, 

 will doubtless all prove to be obliteratively shaded, though still dull-tinted, 

 — very few (or perhaps none) of them sharing the livelier coloration common 

 among their relatives the locusts and grasshoppers. 



The cockroaches and earwigs (Blattida and Forficulidce) are likewise 

 nocturnal— shy and seclusive haunters of dark holes— and their protective 

 coloration amounts, apparently, to little or nothing beyond a general dull, 

 earthy brownness of tint. 



The Coleoptera, or beetles, in the adult state* are, for the most part, tough, 

 hard, and shelly, and probably less welcome food, to the majority of insect- 

 eating animals, than are caterpillars, locusts and grasshoppers. Many of 

 them, moreover, are equipped with rank defensive (?) stenches, as well as with 

 strong biting jaws; and many are nocturnal — skulking by day under stones, 

 under rotten bark, or in other safe retreats. Considering beforehand all these 

 facts, we should not expect to find beetles, as a class, particularly well pro- 

 vided with disguising-costumes; and they certainly are less so than some of the 

 more ' succulent ' tribes of insect. On the other hand, they are by no means im- 

 mune from enemies, nor do they, in the great majority of cases, lack oblitera- 

 tive coloration. Few have simple obliterative shading, as few have the regular 

 perching-habits, the habitual 'same-side-up-ness,' indispensable to the full 



* Their larvse almost all live hidden away from the daylight, and are as a rule monochrome 

 and patternless, — often colorless. 



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