Chapman, F. M., on the birds of Trinidad, in 



seq. 

 Cheetah, 153 



Chevrotain, African Water, 143 



Chickadee, figure 61, p. 78 



Chipmunk, 143, figure 13, p. 28, and figure 93, 



p. 138 

 Cicada, Dogday, 202 

 Civet, 119 

 Cockroach, 200 

 Cod, 170 

 Color 



of desert animals, 127 ; of female birds, 39, 

 70, 78, 106, 117, 145, 148; secondary part 

 of, in animal distinguishability, 1 7 

 Bright 



concealing effect of, 4, 19 and note, 86 

 note, 87-94, 104, 222; of bills and feet of 

 birds, 85, 86; dimmed by foliage-reflec- 

 tion, in ; of amphibians, 182; fishes, 165, 

 166, 168; hummingbirds, 104; lizards, 172; 

 northern birds, 116; painted tortoise, 177 ; 

 trogons, 1 1 1 ; scarlet tanager, 1 1 1 ; snakes, 

 172 

 Changeable 



kinds of, among birds, 9 1 ; 'window- 

 opening' effect of, 93 

 Complementary 



in tropical bird costume, 110, in 

 "Cryptic," 11, 212, 214, 234 



See also Iridescence and Chameleonism 



Conepatl. See Skunk 



Coot, 59, 61 



Cormorant, 65, 244 



Cougar, 3, 153 



Counter-shading 



distinguished from obliterative coloration, 

 2 5 ; experimental demonstrations of po- 

 tency of, 20, 25, 140, 186, 187: inverted, 

 124, 147-150, 186, 211 ; law of, 27 ; solidity- 

 effacing effect of, 14-16 



See also Obliterative Coloration 



Courlan, 61 



Crab, aquatic, 165; sand, 156; spirit, 165 



"Creaker." See Butterflies, Ageronia 



Creeper, wood, 49, 115 • 



Cricket, 200 



Crocodile, 176 



Crossbill, 116, 117 



Crow, 244 



Curlew, 45, 53, figure 76, p. 82 

 D 



Darwin, Charles, 11, 12, 16 



Dazzling Marks. See Markings 



Deer, flight-masks of, 152, 153; obliterative 



markings of young of, 145 

 Desert, coloration of animals of, 26 

 Dewdrop Patterns. See Patterns 

 Disguise, importance of slight advantages of, 



6, 7, 88 



Distractive marks. See Markings 



Dog, 4, 119 



Dolphin, 119 



Dragon-fly, 207, 209 



Duck 



eider, 62, 65, 79, figure 47, p. 46; gar- 

 ganey, 62; golden-eyes, 62; harlequin, 78; 

 long-tailed, 62; mallard, 89; mandarin, 

 71; merganser, 62, figure 78, p. 82, and 

 figure 79, p. 82; old squaw, 62; pintail, 

 62; ruddy, 64; scaup, 64; scoter, 65; teal, 

 62; widgeon, 62; wood, 62, 66-71, 92, 130, 

 177, see Plate III, opp. p. 59, and Plate 

 IV, opp. p. 70 



Duck-billed platypus, 122 



Dugmore, A. R., quoted, 168 



Dugong, 123 



E 



Eagle, 74, 15 2 

 Earwig, 200 

 Echidna, 121 



Eckstorm, Mrs. F. H., 19 note 



Eclipsable Markings. See Markings 



Egret, 58, 155, figure 116, p. 156; figure 117, p. 



156; figure 118, p. 156; and figure 118 A, 



p. 156 

 Eider. See Duck 

 Eland. See Antelope 

 Elephant, 119 

 Ephemera, 209 



Euchlas cardamines. See Butterflies 

 Eyes, masking of, 81, 82 and note 



Feathers, in the composition of patterns, 139 

 Female, sexual differences in costumes of, 27, 



39, 60, 65, 70, 71, 78, 105, 106, 117, 145 

 Ferret, 4 

 Fish, 1 60-1 7 1 

 Fisher. See Martin 

 Fish Hawk. See Hawk, Osprey 

 Flamingo, see Plate IX, p. 156, and Plate X, 



p. 156, and legend; "showy" costumes 



of, 1 54 

 Flight masks, 152, 153 

 Flight Patterns. See Patterns 

 Flounder, 164 



Flower Patterns. See Patterns 

 Fly, 206 



Forest Background Patterns. See Back- 

 ground-picturing Patterns 

 Fox, 3, 7, 119, 151, 152 



Frog, 46, 85, 156, 167, 169, 178, figures 125-126, 

 p. 180 



G 



Gadow's marks, 5 

 Galadictis, striata, vittata, 147 

 Gallinule, 59-61, 91, 130 



255 



