Professor BuHLEIt on the Sanskrit Lingual?. 125 



Another instance of a d changed to d through the in- 

 fluence of a preceding ri, r seems to be 4 mund,' to shave, 

 which, I think is a corruption of mrid ' to rub.' 



There are also examples of dh taking the place of dh e. g, 

 in adhya, which apparently stands for ardhya and is derived 

 from the root xidh 4 to increase.' 



But it seems that 4 r' exercises its assimilating influence 

 on following mute dentals, not only when it precedes them 

 immediately, but also just as in the case of ' n,' when it is 

 separated from them by a vowel. This I think, has been 

 the case in purodaca 4 a flour cake offered to the gods,' the 

 latter part of which apparently contains a derivative from 

 the root dac,, 4 to offer.' Path 4 to recite' which by some 

 scholars is considered a Prakritic corruption of prath ' to 

 extend, to praise' may be quoted as another instance, (com- 

 pare the Latin representative of this root 4 pret' in 4 inter- 

 pretari." 



Lastly we find a number of words in which a mute den- 

 tal becomes lingual through the influence of an immediately 

 following 4 r.' Thus we find in the Veda vikiftlra and vi- 

 kirida — the 4 r' regularly disappearing in the lingualised 

 forms. In classical Sanskrit Ave have canda 4 passionate, hot,' 

 which doubtlessly stands for candra 4 resplendent, glowing.' 

 (Compare the metaphorical use of English 4 glowing' German 

 gluehend.) Another instance is metha 4 elephant-driver' for 

 mahamatra, (compare Prakrit mahamettha.) To these, I 

 think, belongs also danda, ' stick, punishment,' whose d how- 

 ever seems to represent an original ' tr.' This word finds 

 a convenient etymology, if we derive it from the root dam 

 44 to coerce, to tame" and the affix tra, which designates the 

 instrument, and suppose it to stand for dantra " instrument 

 of coercion." Regarding the change of 4 1' to d compare the 

 Prakrit gad do for garta, 



