128 Professor BuflLER on the Sanskrit Linguals. 



Ex. tush 4- ta=tushta, upari + stha=uparishtha, marj -f 

 ti=marsh -f- ti=mershti, acax + thah=acash + thah=a9ash- 

 t hah, vi9 + ta=vish -f ta=vishta. 



In Prakrit, Pali and the Vernaculars sht, and shth, thus 

 produced, become tth or th : e. g. drishti makes ditthe, nish- 

 thura nitthura, prishtha, puttha. In Sanskrit we find, as 

 in the cases of rt, rn formerly mentioned, several instances 

 of the working of this law. Thus jathara, belly, stands 

 as its Greek equivalent yaa-rrjp proves, for jashtara, originally 

 for jastara. Regarding the change of ' s' to ' sh' after ' a' com- 

 pare a-shadha from the root sah and avashtambha for ava- 

 stambha from the root stambh. In a similar manner many 

 of the roots in ' t' and ' th,' which we find side by side with 

 roots in 9 or sh, seem to have originated by a ' t' being added 

 to the roots 9, sh,* and the final groups, sht, shth, undergo- 

 ing the change referred to. Instances of this kind are ghatt 

 ' to shake, to move,' which seems to be derived in the man- 

 ner described from ghrish ' to move, to rub,' rut * to be 

 angry' = rush ' to be angry,' 911th ' to desiccate =9ush 'to dry." 



The fifth letter which may be turned into a lingual, and 

 causes the change of dentals into linguals, is the letter ' h/ 

 It becomes frequently dh, which if standing at the end of a 

 word or followed by the 1 s' of the locative plural, is hardened 

 to t, e. g. midhvan, ' giver of rain' seems to stand for mimih- 

 van part. perf. Par. of the root ' mih,' bharavah makes in the 

 nom. sing, .bharavat, madhulih in the loc. pi. madhulitsu.f 

 The same change of ' h' to ' dh' is also frequently effected, 

 if an affix beginning with t, th, d or dh is joined to a root 

 ending in h. But then the dh together with following den- 

 tal, which ought to become ddh,J makes dh only. 



* The addition of f t' to roots is frequent in Sanskrit e. g. in dyut= 

 div+t, vesht=vesh+t, yat=yam+t, vat=van+t. In these cases both 

 forms occur. 



t Compare Benfey Vollst. Gram. § 66 I. 5. 



t Compare the change of bh+t, th, d ; or dh to bdha, etc. 



