196 
Weights and Measures [no. 4, new series, 
dent that there is no rule as to the cubic content of the Measures 
used ; for vessels of very different cubic content m^y contain the 
same when heaped, in consequence of having different diameters. 
It is on this account that the values given to Indian Measures, in 
such Tables as those of Major Jervis, or Dr. Kelly (in his Cambist) 
being founded on the guaged cubic contents, do not represent the 
true quantities. 
In 1852, the Madras Board of Revenue instituted a special 
enquiry into the Grain Measures of each district. They were 
found to be of all shapes and materials. Some 'vere in the form 
of hour glasses; some were joints of bamboo; and some earthen- 
ware pots ; but as a general rule, it was found that they were in 
most districts intended when heaped, to contain a seer weight, or 
a definite number of seers, either of rice, or of mixed grain, but 
usually rice : and the *' seer" weight was generally that of 80 tolas. 
Measures in every district were guaged with Water, Rice, and 
Cooltee or Horse gram, and it was found that (taking 100 cubic 
inches of water to weigh 140 tolas, which at a temperature of 81° 
is true to J a grain) Rice on an average, weighed 113 tolas to the 
100 cubic inches.*- From experiments made by myself a few years 
ago, I found 100 cubic inches, of the 9 mixed grains, to weigh 115 
tolas. From the Reports of Mr. Shaw, of Ahmedabad, in the 
Bombay Presidency, in 1849, it appears that he found that a Mea- 
sure holding 137| tolas of water, held when struck 114| tolas of 
mixed grain, which gives 1 ICJ to 100 cubic inches ; and Mr. Reeves, 
of Poona, found that a vessel containing 80 tolas weight of water, 
would hold 66| tolas of mixed grain, which also gives IIBJ tolas 
to 100 cubic inches. Cooltee, or Horse gram, was found by the 
Madras experiments to average 116 tolas to 100 cubic inches, but 
it varied from 113 to 118. From the same experiments, the 
weights of the heaps (of rice) on various diameters were determin- 
* In the Northern Districts, it averaged 111 Tolas ; in the Town of Madras 114 
and in the other Districts 112 and 113. The rice used was what is called in Ma- 
dras, " Putcharisee," or HAW bice, to distinguish it from " Poolungul," or that 
which is scalded before husking. Old rice would weigh somethiog lighter. 
