GEOLOGY. 



41 



The most prominent form placed in this case is the Sivatherium, 

 a huge beast described by Falconer and Cautley from the Newer 

 Tertiary deposits of the Sewalik Hills, India. It possessed two pairs 

 of horns on its head, two short and simple in front and two larger 

 palmated ones behind them. From the persistent character of these 

 bony horn-cores we may certainly regard this animal as a gigantic 

 four-horned ruminant bearing some resemblance to the living 

 Antelope of India. 



The fossil remains of the Camel are so closely related to the 

 living species that they cannot readily be distinguished from them. 

 They are found in the Sewalik Hills, India. Representatives of the 

 South American Llamas and Alpacas are also met with in a fossil 

 state. 



In Table-case 8 are arranged the fossil remains of some of the 

 earliest-known genera of Ruminants : e.g., Aitoplotheriiim, of which 

 six species are represented from the Eocen© of the Isle of Wight ; 

 Vaucluse and Montmartre in France ; Eurytherium from the Eocene 

 of Vaucluse ; three species of Chalicotherium from Sansan in France, 

 from India, and from China ; and the Oreodon from the Miocene 

 formation of Dakota and Nebraska, in North America. 



In Table-case 8a are placed the Eocene genera, JCiphodon, from 

 Vaucluse in France, with Dichodon and Dichobune from the Isle of 

 Wight and Hampshire. These early forms of Ruminants differed 

 from modern sheep and oxen in having canines and incisor teeth 

 in the upper jaw like the Pachyderms (Pigs, Tapirs, Hippo- 

 potami, &c). 



Cavicornia,* or hollow-horned Ruminants (Antelopes and Oxen). 

 Pier-case 7 is occupied by a remarkable series of heads and horn- 

 cores of fossil Oxen and Antelopes from the Sewalik Hills of India, 

 and a smaller series of remains of the Bison from Siberia, Arctic 

 America, and from British localities. 



In Pier-case 8 are arranged the fine series of heads and horn-cores 

 of the gigantic extinct Ox (Bos primigenhts), from Ilford, Essex, and 

 from peat-deposits and turbaries of Scotland, &c. ; also numerous 

 heads of Bos longifrons, believed to be the immediate ancestor of our 

 existing small Welsh and Scottish cattle. 



Table-case 9 contains a series of heads and other remains of old 

 Indian Antelopes from the later Tertiaries of the Sewalik Hills, 

 India. But the most interesting objects in this case are the fossil 

 remains of the Ovibos moschatus, the " Musk-Ox," a denizen of this 

 country in Prehistoric times, and whose remains have been found 

 fossil, associated with those of the Mammoth, at Maidenhead and at 

 Grays, in the Valley of the Thames, and at Slade Green, Kent. The 

 Musk-Sheep is still living on the treeless barrens of Arctic America. 

 (See Woodcut, Fig. 1 1 .) 



* From cavus, hollow; and comu, a horn ; tbe ' 1 hollow-horned Ruminants," in 

 which the horn consists of a central bony "horn-core/' surrounded by a horny 

 sheath. 



