GEOLOGY. 



39 



France ; Coryphodon from the Eocene of Harwich, Essex ; and Hyra- 

 cotherium from the Red Crag of Suffolk and the Eocene of Hordwell. 



To the Tapirs and Palceotheria succeed the Equidce (Horses). 

 In all modern horses the digits are reduced to a single perfect toe 

 on each foot (Fig. 10. 1) ; but this character does not hold good for 

 the allied fossil forms, several of which show a tendency to an 

 increased number of toes ; but the third is nevertheless always the 

 largest. (See the subjoined Woodcut, Fig. 10, giving four examples 

 of the Perissodacfyle foot, after Marsh.) 



In Table-case 5, and in a part of Pier-case 4, next it, are arranged 

 the fossil remains of the Horse from the Thames Valley Brick- 

 earths ; the raised beach at Brighton ; Kent's Cave, Torquay ; Juvillac 

 and Bruniquel, in France ; Eschscholtz Bay, Arctic America ; Mina& 

 Geraes, Brazil ; and from Uruguay, in South America. The present 

 race of Wild-horses, which exist in such vast herds on the Pampas, 

 are not the descendants of the fossil horse of South America, but 

 have sprung from those introduced by the Spaniards 350 years ago. 

 Prior to the Spanish invasion the natives of America are said to 

 have had no knowledge of the horse. 



The three-toed Miocene ancestor of the horse (Hipparion or 

 Hippotherium) occurs fossil in the Sewalik Hills in India ; at Pikermi, 

 in Greece ; and in France and Germany ; whilst Anchitherium is 

 met with in France; at Bern bridge, in the Isle of Wight; and in 

 Dakota and Nebraska, in North America; and Macrauchenia, from 

 the Pleistocene deposits of Buenos Ayres. Remains of two other 

 Tertiary genera (Homalodontotherium and Nesodon) have been dis- 

 covered in South America, but their affinities are extremely doubtful. 



