GEOLOGY. 



29 



" Catarhine,"* or Old-World Monkeys, and the " Platyrhine,"t or 

 New- World Monkeys), are very rarely met with in any part of the 

 globe in a fossil state. 



The earliest trace of Old- World Monkeys (Catarhina) are found in 

 the Miocene Tertiary formations of France and Italy. Of these the 

 fossil genus Pliopithecus, is related to Semnopithecas and to the 

 man-like or anthropoid apes, but its precise position is uncertain. 

 Dryopithecus occurs in the Upper Miocene of St. Gaudens, France, 

 &o. Hylobates, found in the Miocene Tertiary beds of Epplesheim, 

 was an anthropoid ape, of large size, with prominent pointed canine 

 teeth, related to the Gibbons. 



The Oreopiihecus occurs fossil in Italy, and the Mesopithecus 

 described by Prof. Gaudry at Pikermi, near Athens. The Palao- 

 pithecus, Semnopithecus, and Macacus are found fossil in the Sewalik 

 Hills of India; the latter is also found in the Pliocene of Italy, and 

 the Cercopithecus in the Pliocene of France. In Table-case No. 1 

 are also remains of a species of Cebus and of Mycetes ur sinus from the 

 ■caverns of Minas Geraes, Brazil. 



ORDER III.— INSECTIVOBA (Moles, Shrew-Mice, 

 Hedgehogs). 



This order comprises a number of small insect-eating mammals, 

 similar in many respects to the Rodentia ; but the molar teeth are 

 always serrated with numerous small pointed eminences or cusps 

 adapted for crushing insects. Remains of several of these little 

 animals are found fossil in the Miocene deposits of Europe; at 

 Grays, Essex ; the Norfolk Forest-bed ; &c. {See Table-case No. 1a.) 



ORDER IV.- CHEIROPTERA (Bats). 



The Bats are characterized by having the fingers of the fore-limbs 

 enormously elongated and united by an expanded membrane, which 

 also unites the fore with the hind-limbs and the sides of the body. 

 Some of the large tropical bats are fruit-eaters ; the others are in- 

 sectivorous in their diet. They are found fossil in the gypsum- 

 quarries of Montmartre (Upper Eocene), Paris, the species bein^ 

 named Vespertilio Parisiensis ; others are found at Sansan and 

 Mayence. The Vampire bat (Phyllo stoma) is found fossil in the 

 caves of Brazil ; and Nyctilestes and Nyctitherium in the Middle 

 Eocene deposits of North America. The Rhinolophus is found in 

 Kent's Hole, Torquay. (See Table-case No. 1a.) 



* From Greek: Icata, downwards; rhines, nostrils; because they have the 

 nostrils opening downwards, as in man. 



f From Greek: plains, bread; rhines, nostrils; because the nostrils open on 

 the surface of the face, the nasal bones being inconspicuous in size. 



D 2 



