No. 4. — 1848.] BUDDHISM.— PATTA KAMMA. 23 



holy and virtuous conduct ? A man, cultivators, abstains from 

 taking away animal life, lays aside the cudgel and the sword, 

 and is gentle, ashamed of cruelty, and compassionate to all 

 beings. He also abstains from taking that which does not 

 belong to him, and does not with a dishonest intent appropriate 

 to his own use the property of others, whether it be deposited 

 in an inhabited or uninhabited place. He is chaste in his 

 conduct, and abstains from illicit intercourse with females who 

 are under the guardianship of a mother, a father, a brother, a 

 sister, or of relatives, or who has a husband, or is a ward of the 

 Crown, or contracted to a man by even throwing a garland over 

 her person. These, cultivators, are the three kinds of virtuous 

 conduct. 



" What are the four kinds of holy and virtuous speech ? A 

 man, cultivators, abstains from lying and speaks the truth. 

 When brought to give his testimony in a court, or among his 

 attendants and relatives, or before a general assembly, or in the 

 king's palace, and it is said ' 0 man ! speak what you know/ 

 he says concerning that of which he is ignorant, 6 1 do not know ;' 

 concerning that with which he is acquainted, he says C I know 

 relative to that which he has seeu, he states ' I saw it and con- 

 cerning that which he has not seen, he replies 6 1 have not seen 

 it and thus he does not speak a wilful lie to benefit either 

 himself or others or on account of any bribe. He also abstains 

 from calumny and lives without slandering others. He does 

 not, in order to promote divisions, detail in one place that which 

 he has heard in another, but is a reconciler of differences and a 

 strengthener of friendships : he lives in peace, delights in kind 

 feelings, rejoices in union, and his conversation tends to promote 

 harmony. He also abstains from irritating language and con- 

 tumacious expressions ; his words are free from asperity,pleasing 

 to the ear, affectionate, soothing, gentle, and affording general 

 satisfaction and pleasure. He also abstains from frivolous 

 discourse; his language is suitable to the occasion, true, 



