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JOURNAL R. A. S. (CEYLON). [YOL. II., PART I. 



becomes a wilful liar. Or a man is a calumniator, mentioning 

 in one place what he has heard in another, in order that he 

 may cause dissension ; he introduces divisions among those 

 who were peaceable, and prevents the reconciliation of opposing 

 parties ; he is quarrelsome, delights in contests and disputa- 

 tions, and by his words stirs up animosity. Or a man is 

 intemperate in speech, using contumacious, harsh, irritating 

 and contemptuous language, producing disquietude and anger. 

 Or he is frivolous in discourse : he speaks unseasonably, affirms 

 things which are incorrect and contrary to virtue and propriety ; 

 his words are unworthy of regard, ill-timed, injudicious, 

 unguarded and unedifyiog. These, cultivators, are the four 

 kinds of vicious and profligate discourse. 



" What are the kinds of mental vice and profligacy ? A man, 

 cultivators, is exceeding covetous, desiring that which belongs 

 to others, thinking — ' Oh that I could obtain possession of that 

 man's property!' Or he is a malicious and ill-disposed man, 

 wishing—' May that person be tormented, may he be killed or 

 die, or come to ruin, or be reduced to abject poverty !' Or he is 

 heretical and heterodox : he affirms that there is no advantage 

 from alms-giving, offerings, and sacrifices ; that there are no 

 future good or evil results of men's actions, no causes of present 

 or future birth, or for having a specific father and mother ; that 

 there are no beings who have mature existence without the 

 intervention of birth and childhood. That there are no sages 

 and holy men, who by their own wisdom have ascertained and 

 teach the nature of this and of other worlds. These, cultivators, 

 are the three kinds of mental vice and profligacy. In conse- 

 quence of such a vicious and profligate life, some beings upon 

 the dissolution of the system by death are reproduced in hell, 

 the abode of wretchedness, misery, and continued anguish. 



" There are, also, cultivators, three kinds of holy and virtuous 

 conduct, four kinds of holy and virtuous speech, and three kinds 

 of holy and virtuous thoughts. What are the three kinds of 



