No. 6. — -1853.] LAWS OF THE BUDDHIST priesthood. 31 



received co-resident priests. This being perceived by Buddha, 

 he decreed : — 



16. " It is not proper, priests, that any one of less than ten 

 years' standing shall give Upasampada. He who does so is 

 guilty of Dukkata. I direct, priests, Upasampada to be given 

 by those who are of ten years' standing, or of more than ten 

 years. 57 



There were priests of more than ten years'' standing, who 

 where neither eloquent nor learned ; and when they became 

 superiors, it sometimes happened that the subordinate was more 

 learned than his spiritual father; and from this many evils arose. 

 This being represented to Buddha, he decreed : — 



17. "Priests, it is not proper that one who is incompetent 

 and unlearned should give Upasampada : he who does so is 

 guilty of Dukkata ; I direct that Upasampada shall be given 

 by priests competent and learned, who are of ten or more 

 years' standing." 



Afterwards, as many of the superiors had removed to other 

 places, or had left the priesthood, or had died, great disorders 

 prevailed among the priests, some of whom became slovenly 

 and irregular in their habits. To remedy this Buddha decreed:— 



18. "I direct, priests, that there be preceptors." 



The achariyo or teacher stood in the same relationship to the 

 antewasiko or pupil, that the superior stood in to his co-resident 

 priest. The rules belonging to preceptor and pupil are precisely 

 the same as those respecting superior and co-resident ; and it is 

 not necessary here to repeat them. The receiving a pupil is 

 called " to give (Nissaya or) proximity," as the pupil was to 

 reside with his teacher, unless his presence was required by his 

 upajjhayo or superior. 



( To be continued.) 



