known among the Singhalese, 11 



hasta) and (praivrajita)* householder and wanderer,— 



the one living in a cgta (graha) house and family, the other 

 dwelling in a eoesg (jpanmle) a leaf-hut or bower. 



The Wihare need not however, I presume, be of this tem- 

 porary description; and the image room is even termed g*§©9 

 c5$ca (jpratima graha) in the Cotta inscription op, Sidath San- 

 garawa, p. cxcix. 



The priesthood, or ministers as they appear more properly 

 to be, are a distinct order, of different degrees : namely, the 

 e^o^oe^df (srdmanera), the devotee or pupil priest, somewhat 

 possibly, like the sons of the prophets : and the ^sseai^a, 

 (upasampada), one graduated or advanced : the senior or old 

 man of the wihare being the escBSd (stawira) or svead (tera) 

 terunnanse. 



There was also the «w»wcflo (tapasaya), from «Da (tapa) 

 mortification or religious austerity ; but as respects " persons 

 of the Silwat class, " as Mr. Armour has it, or voluntary as- 

 cetics of their own act, they are not priests but laymen. 



The dwellings of the priests are, as we have seen, regulated 

 and characteristic of them. So is their dress, the &%6 (si- 

 woora), a term connected perhaps with the sisurna or sisura of 

 the Greeks, and the method of their obtaining it ; — the manner 

 in which they are to get their livelihood or subsistence, even 

 to their alms cup or begging bowl ; — their meal time ; — and 

 the season when they may discontinue travelling, and remain 

 within doors. 



It is from the manner of life thus prescribed, the priest is 

 termed tBstf^ (bhikshu), one living on alms, an almsman ; and 

 the assemblage of priests ©ss 6t3ea5estsa &Mc3 (maha bik-sangha 

 himiya). They do not constitute a fraternity, nor are the 

 priests friars, as has been represented. They are not so or- 



* See Armour's Kandy Law. 



f This word, like that from which it is derived, and many others in the 

 language, occurs in different forms ; and a good Dictionary of Synonymes is a great 

 desideratum in Singhalese literature* 



