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bitants of tierra calienta for those of tierra fria; 

 an antipathy founded on the modifications of 

 character, habits, and manners. These moral 

 and political effects are manifested especially 

 in countries, where the extremes of height and 

 depression are most striking, where the moun- 

 tains and the low lands have the greatest mass 

 and extent. Such are New Grenada or Cundi- 

 namarca, Chili, and Peru, where the language 

 of the inca furnishes many happy and natural 

 expressions to denote this climatic opposition 

 of constitution, inclinations, and intellectual 

 faculties. In the state of Venezuela on the con- 

 trary, the montaneros of the lofty mountains 

 of Bocono, Timotes, and Merida, form but a 

 very slight part of the total population ; and the 

 populous valleys of the chain of the coast of 

 Garaccas and Caripe are but three or four hun- 

 dred toises above the level of the sea. It hence 

 results, that in the political union of the states 

 of Venezuela and New Grenada under the name 

 of Columbia, the great mountain population of 

 Santa-Fe, Popayan, Pasto, and Quito, has been 

 balanced, if not entirely, at least more than 

 half, by the addition of eight or nine hundred 

 thousand inhabitants of tierra caliente. The 

 state of the surface of the soil is less immutable 

 than it's configuration. We may conceive the 

 possibility of seeing the marked oppositions be- 

 tween the impenetrable forests of Guyana, and 



