140 



the commencement of the year 1823, to 10,220,000, of 

 these 1 ,623,000 being slaves. It was found in 



1700 262,000 (uncertain). 



1753 1,046,000 {idem, Mr. Pitkin). 



1774 2,141,307 {idem, Gov. Pownall). 



1790 3,929,328 (first certain numbering). 



1800 5,306,032. 



1810 7,239,903. 



1820 9,637,999. 



This last enumeration gives 7,862,282 whites j 1,537,568 

 slaves j and 238,149 free men of colour. According to a 

 very interesting work published by Mr. Harvey {Edinb. 

 Philos. Journal ; January, 1823, p. 41), the decennial aug- 

 mentation of the population of the United States was, from 

 1790 to 1820, successively, 35, 36* 1, and 32 9, per cent. 

 The retardation felt in the increase therefore is yet only 2 or 3 

 per cent for ten years, or one eleventh of the total increase *. 



Brazil. It has hitherto been fixed at three millions + j 

 but the estimate which I give in the table is founded on 

 official unpublished pieces, which I owe to the kindness of 

 Mr. Adrien Balbi, of Venice, who was enabled by a long 

 stay at Lisbon, to throw great light on the statistics of 

 Portugal and the Portuguese colonies. According to the 

 report made to the king of Portugal in 1819, on the popula- 

 tion of his possessions beyond sea, and according to different 

 statements furnished by the captains general, governors of 

 provinces (conformably to the decrees of Rio Janeiro of the 

 22d of August and the 30th of September, 1816), Brazil, 

 about the year 1818, had a population of 3,617,900 in- 

 habitants ; namely, 



* See note E. at the end of the 9th Book, 

 f Brakenridge, Voyage to South America, Vol. i, p. 141. 



