176 



on the western, than on the eastern coast of the continent 5 

 the former have already passed a degree of latitude beyond 

 the parallel of the Rio Negro and the Puerto de San Antonio. 

 The capital of Santiago, of Chili, is situated on a table-land 

 of the same elevation as the town of Caraccas*. 



Brazil. The southern limits of Columbia, the eastern 

 limits of Peru, and the northern limits of Buenos Ay res, 

 determine the boundary of the Brazilian territory on the 

 north, the west, and the south. In order to calculate the 

 superficial contents, I employed manuscript maps, which 

 were communicated to me by the government of Rio Janeiro, 

 at the time when the very vague terms of the 8th article of 

 the treaty of Utrecht, and the 107th article of the act of 

 the Congress of Viennaf, had given rise to diplomatic 



* 409 toises, according to Mr. Bauza, which is three hun- 

 dred toises lower than the town of Mendoza, at the oppo- 

 site declivity of the Cordillera of the Andes. (Manuscript 

 notes of Don Luis Neo, botanist of the expedition of Malaspina.) 



t See above, vol. v, p. 842. The Brazilian limits, in 

 the government of the Rio Negro, were examined by the 

 astronomers Jose' Joaquim Victorio da Costa, Jose Simoens 

 de Carvalho, Francisco Jose* de Lacerda, and Antonio Luiz 

 Pontes ; and in the government of Grand Para, especially 

 between the Araguari and the Calsoene (Rio Carsewens of 

 the Map of the Coast of the Guyana, published by the Depot 

 of the Marine in 1817), by the astronomer Joze Simoens 

 de Carvalho, and the Colonel of Engineers Pedro Alexan- 

 drino de Souza. The French have long extended their 

 pretensions beyond the Calsoene, near Cape Nord. The 

 boundary is now thrown back as far as the mouth of the 

 Oyapok. The principal tributary stream of that river, the 

 Qanopi, and the Tamouri, which is a tributary stream of the 

 Canopi, draw near each other at a league distant (lat. 2° 30' ?) 



