186 



empire 87 ; Sweden with Norway, 90 ; European 

 Russia*, 320; Spain, 763; and France, 1778. 

 But these estimates of relative population, when 

 applied to countries of immense extent, and of 

 which a great part is entirely uninhabited, fur- 

 nish mathematical abstractions that afford little 

 instruction. In countries uniformly cultivated, 



* The superficial extent of European Russia 3 without Fin- 

 land and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, was in 1805, accord- 

 ing to the statistical tables of Mr. Hassel (Umriss der Europ, 

 Staaten, Tom. 1, p. 10), 138,000 square leagues, 20 to a de- 

 gree, With a population of 3(5,400,000 souls $ according to 

 the same tables, the extent of the whole Russian monarchy 

 was 603,160 square leagues, with 40 millions of population* 

 These estimates of 1805 would give but 264, and 66 inhabi- 

 tants to the square league. In supposing with Mr. Balbi 

 (see his interesting researches on the population of Russia, 

 in the Compendio di Geograjia universale, pp. 143, and 163, 

 and the Statistical Essay on Portugal, Vol. ii, p. 253), the su- 

 perficial extent of European Russia with Finland and the 

 kingdom of Poland, to be 169,400 square leagues, the super- 

 fices of the whole Russian monarchy in Europe and in Asia, 

 686,000 square leagues, and the actual population in 1822 to 

 be from 48 to 54 millions, we find 283 and 78 inhabitants to 

 the square league. According to researches which 1 have re- 

 cently made relative to the extent of Russia, I fix, for the 

 whole empire, comprehending Finland and Poland, 616,000 

 square leagues ; for the European part, comprehending the 

 ancient kingdoms of Kasan and Astrakhan, with the excep- 

 tion of the government of Perme, 150,400 square leagues, 

 which yields the relative population of 318 and 87, stated in 

 the text. (See also Gaspari, Vollft. Hand, der Erdb. B. xii, 

 p. 210. 



