188 



the Atlantic states, considered together, is 240, 

 The extremes (North Carolina andMassachusets) 

 are only in the relation of 1 to 7, nearly as in 

 France # , where the extremes, in the department 

 of the Upper Alps and of the North, are also 

 in the relation of 1 : 6,7. The oscillations 

 from the mean number, which we generally find 

 restricted to narrow limits in the civilized 

 countries of Europe -f*, exceed, so to speak, all 



* In continental France, excluding Corsica ; for the de- 

 partment of the JLiamone is still worse peopled than that of 

 the Upper Alps. The department of the North had, in 1804, 

 on 178 square leagues (20 to a degree) a population of 

 774,500 j and in 1820, of 904,500. The department of the 

 Upper Alps had, in 1804, on 160 square leagues, a popula- 

 tion of 118,322, and in 1820, of 121,400. There are, 

 therefore, in these two departments, 5082, and 758 inhabitants 

 to the square league. 



f Europe, bounded by the Jaik, the mountains of the 

 Oural and the Kara, contains 304,700 square marine leagues. 

 In supposing the inhabitants to be 195 millions, a relative 

 population is formed of 639 to the square league, a little less 

 than that of the department of the Upper Alps, and a little 

 more than that of the inland provinces of Spain. In com- 

 paring the total mean of 639 with the partial mean of Euro- 

 pean countries that do not contain less than 600 square 

 leagues, we obtain, excluding Laponia only, and four govern- 

 ments of Russia (Archangel, Olonez, Wologda, and Astra- 

 khan), 160 for the most desert regions of Europe j and for the 

 most peopled, 2400 souls to the square league. These num- 

 bers give the relation of the extremes rz 1 : 15. America 

 contains, according to my last calculations, 1,184,800 

 square marine leagues, from Cape Horn to the 68° of north 



