231 



mixed race and that the manufacturing in- 

 dustry of that fine country is already so much 

 advanced that the value of its home fabrics in 

 wool and cotton, in 1821, amounted to 10 mil- 

 lions of piastres per annum -f-. In deducting 

 the indian population, whose wants are almost 

 entirely restricted to the productions of the 

 soil, from the total population of Venezuela and 

 Mexico, we find in the former country, that the 

 consumption of the productions of foreign in- 

 dustry, amount to 10 piastres, and in the latter, 

 to 8 piastres for every individual of all ages 

 and both sexes. These results shew, that when 

 we consider the great masses only, the state of 

 society appears nearly the same in the most dis- 

 tant parts of Spanish America, notwithstanding 

 the varying influence of physical and moral 

 causes. 



The shores of Venezuela from the beauty of 

 their ports;};, the tranquillity of the sea by which 



* (See my Political Essay en New Spain, Vol. iv, p. 127). 

 During the 25 years that preceded the year 1820, gold and 

 silver were coined at Mexico to the value of 429,110,008 

 piastres. See above, p, 129. 



+ Balanza del Comer do reciproco hechopor elpuerto de Vera 

 Cruz coo los de Espana y de America en los ultimas 25 anos. 

 {De orden del Consulado de Vera Cruz, el 18 de dbril 1821.) 



+ The following is the series of anchorage, roads, and 

 ports with which I am acquainted, from Cape Paria as far a£ 

 Rio del Hacha ; Ensenada de Mexillones j the mouth of the 

 Rio Caribes j Carupano; Cumana (See above, Vol. ii, page 



