THE 



GARDENERS 



9 



MAGAZINE. 



SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, 1898. 



ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. R. H. S. Journal 



THE GARDENERS' 



vn-riCF IS HEREBY GIVEN, that a SPECIAL GENERAL MEETING of the 



with the home of the 



id a ^ ed)^thr y ear 1897; to elect Officers for the yen- 1898, and other affairs 5 ^ " . ?f 7 F 7, \ V *. » 

 thrnuroose of placing nineteen pensioners on the Funds, ten of whom wiH be tropical plain extending from its foot 



vnrirF is n rK,,„ , q nepenthes. Mr. F. \V. Burbidge, when remarking upon Mr. Harry 



-"^ ie /»:^ e,tCh ' S ? apCr ° n thCSe extraordinar y P lants > des cribed that region as 



i n a* county ot Miaaie* , m , a , _ ^ *n .u^^n^^^hv^^rh a mountain ever enveloped in perpetual mist or rain, and in the printed 



report we find this description accompanied by a diagram showing that 

 this is due to the proximity of a lofty mountain range (13,700 feet) to a 



to the coast, some sixty miles 

 distant The temperatures of the plain and the mountain-top differ 

 consequently from constant freezing point, or thereabouts, on the summit, 

 to 80 degrees or 90 degrees in the shade on the plain below. The 

 inevitable result of this condition of affairs is a hot and highly rarefied 

 atmosphere, holding a large amount of aqueous vapour in invisible 

 suspension on the plain, and a much heavier, because much colder body 

 of air, above it on the mountain-top and sides. To rectify this unstable 

 equilibrium, the colder air naturally descends and the hot air rises, the 

 two mingling midway. The next result is, of course, a tremendous drop 

 in the saturation or dew points of the warm vapour-laden air, the surplus 

 immediately becoming visible either as fog or rain. In the day time, 

 when the shade temperature of the plain is 80 degrees or 90 degrees, the 



, m , - r l 10t a * r ma Y its own to the extent of forming fog alone, though this 



The classes for trebles have so long formed an important feature of ;„ always of the ScQtch mist kind at the best> but after sundown> when 



on the 

 Institution 



and also ^JJJj^ffJS £n VhT pension "list without the trouble or expense of an election, 

 |TSS£%!^ HI- 5, and the remaining nine from an approved list of forty-four 



^n^S ^U^&^thxry J. Veitch, Esq., Treasurer and Chairman of Committee, 



at T The e pSfSai open at Quarter-past Three o'clock and clos* at Half-past Four o'clock 

 precisely, after which hour no voting papers can be received. ; 



Tne voting papers have been issued, and any subscriber who has not received a copy is 

 requested to communicate * ith tie Secretary, " 



» Parliament Street, S.W. Gfl ORGE J. Ingram. 



ORTICULTURAL SHOW ADVERTISEMENTS are inserted in this 



Jrl column at One Shilling per line, the minimum charge being Five Shillings. Advertise- 

 . nflfio- TiR anH t^q- Alders^ate Street. London. E.C. 



Notes of the Week. 



"ABOLITION OF THE TREBLES." 



the principal exhibitions of roses that we have no doubt many of our 

 readers will regard with considerable apprehension any suggestion that 



I<Burbidge's words, 



" every night in the year a deluge of rain," and we can see that in an 



may be made for their exclusion from the shows of the National ^1 • 1 1 r ,« ,*j , . , TT 



may u t 1 w otherwise equable climate, no other result could be expected. Hence, on 



Rose Society and other associations. For our own part we should stoutly Qne spQt Qn Qur earth> at any ^ the d(mds neyer roU by> and h . g Qn 



oppose their removal without other classes that have the promise of that }:recious spQt that the kndid forms of itcher ^ exhibited b 

 rendering the exhibitions more interesting and attractive being substituted 

 for them. For nearly thirty years the treble classes have alone helped to 

 relieve the monotony of the rose show carried out on conventional lines, 



Mr. Veitch to illustrate his lecture, have been developed to fit their 

 surroundings. Curiously enough we have one spot in England, viz. : 

 Seathwaite, in Cumberland, where some of the loftyvhills catch the warm 



and it would be little short of a calamity to replace them with collections _ • . i\ 1 r ' a ir • ■ ^ * • -i 



r . . _ _ * ^ / T ; , F , twwwww moisture-laden breezes from the Gulf Stream in a somewhat similar 



of single trusses. Happily Mr. George Paul, who proposes in the current r , . c „ . . . , . . , 



f , p f\ J b \ r l i • i-i fashion, and run up the rainfall to 165 inches per annum, instead 



issue of the Rosarians* Year Book the abolition of the classes in which 

 each variety has to be represented by three blooms, is fully alive to the 

 importance of making the rose show as varied as possible, and he 

 proposes as substitutes for these classes others in which the blooms would 

 be required 10 be shown with several inches of stem. This fact notwith- 



of the general average of thirty or forty. The greatest rainfall in the 

 world, however, occurs on the Khasia Hills, about one hundred miles 

 from Calcutta, where Sir Joseph Hooker reco&led over 500 inches 

 during a seven months' stay ; and here again we have a range of moun- 



tfaiutm* m* .w^ij c . ...... , tains in the proximity of a warm ocean and bringing about the same 



standing, we should prefer to see some diminution in the number of v s A K- u a u r if c—a ;~ 



rWccAc ix- * . r , mu*i*wx vt c i im atic conditions, though no nepenthes, we believe, have been found in 



classes for single trusses to give room for 1 long-stemmed flowers in a« j- . • . ? u iT J a ^- }a 



bunrh^c tn th /oKniv r^u . 1, , . tvt uuww iu t ^ district as might be expected. Even this record, however, would 



Duncnes, to the abolition of the trebles ; but Mr. Paul can not only claim t--i.ii. 1 u r j u "a T r *t. a 



to sotilc with pvnpr!.nm k«* » 4 v 4 « . ,1 . . * V probably be run very close, or may be eclipsed, by that of the nepenthes 



w speak with experience, but with authority, and the question is one that f , • -A ' • ' , 0 ■ , . . , . ^ , 1 r - , 



is deserving nf tH- ™^ Llui 1 • j J ^, ? -t, • * , belt in Borneo, were the constant Scotch mists and nightly deluges fairly 



deserving ot the most careful consideration. The treble c ass, as Mr. u t* u 1 t> ■ %* r> *jlza~a • r amU ««4 



l'aul noints out W n C , • * j ^ n 1 . \ . brought to book. Despite Mr. Burbidge's experience of chilly air and 



«iui points out, was originally projected to allow roses being- shown in , 1 , • r 1 1 1 c t- • -^u- ^- r 



^ « - - - J r J ucing iiiuwn 111 soa k a g e to the skin for the whole time of his sojourn within this realm of 



supersaturation, the spectacle of the various nepenthes at home, to say 

 nothing of the drapery of the trees, with the rare Trichomanes pluma and 

 other filmy ferns, doubtless fully repaid him and his companion, Mr. 



iree stages ; a bud, a half-expanded bloom, and a fully-developed flower, 

 so as to furnish to the visitors to the rose shows an object lesson of the 

 variety m its several phases of beauty. Nor has this idea been quite lost 

 sight of by the National Rose Society, for in the authorised rules of 

 judging it is stipulated that each treble shall be judged as a whole. In 

 practice it has come to be regarded as necessary, both by exhibitors 

 and judges, that the three blooms of each variety should be 

 ^arly as possible in the same 



Peter Veitch, for the risk and trouble. 



as 



the treble classes i 



no^lonRer carr^^ut^the annuall y inflicts such heav y losses u P on man y g ardeners and farmers 



7 that the County Councils for Cumberland, Durham, and Northumber- 

 land are deserving of much praise for the public spirit they have shown 

 in combining their forces with a view to devise the best means of pre- 

 venting and checking its ravages. Under the auspices of the councils 

 for the three counties mentioned, a series of experiments have been con- 

 creation nf ' , « ™ suggests mat in the ducted b ? Professor Somerville in the garden of the Durham College of 



* 1 JJT ?! SeS t0 take the P lace ^ the trebles that the number Science > and the results obtainedare of considerable importance. 1 ro- 

 With a 1 , 6 reduCed and the Wooms of each variety increased fessor Somerville, as our pages so well testify, has for several years de- 

 Mr. Paul I* /ff in brin S in S ab °* the change he so much desires voted considerable time and attention to the investigation of the disease, 

 aul provider! th* «u- ^ . • 8 mucn aesires > which> as our readers are awar e 3 is caused by a slime fungus, scientifi- 



cally known as Plasmodiophora brassier, and in his more recent experi- 



PREVENTION [OF CLUB ROOT. 



The disease variously known as anbury, club root, and finger-and-toe 



rose is one 



stage as possible. 



r ln Mr. Paul's opinion, _ ^ ^ A1V „ u . U1C . , 



object for which they were introduced. It is admitted that starincr that the County Councils for Cumberland, Durham, and Northumber- 

 »ree fine blooms of a variety is evidence that the ^ 



Iboms'rf w , depe ? ded u P° n t0 P rod "ce with considerable freedom 



tninTto stt qUa i lty 5 , bUt the trCbleS are consid ^ed by Mr. Paul so 



*« thev TJl S °u " rmaI that ' in his °P inion ' the time ha ^ come 



ey may be abolished as classes. He suggests that in the 



Sot 



• 1 au provideH th» a . • . +™m™*y ^ mi 



- "L. Sal? ama,eurs ' class for si 



six varieties, 



^^/s metropolitan 1 M ^ " iUWn ^ VaSeS ' at the Natio ^ a l Rose 



l ^ ; s and the rr exniDition in July last, and the contributions to menis ne 5Cl 1***^1 u ^x*— - & — , , 



ddightful fe , ; ilespo r ndln ^ classes for trade constituted one of the most which the disease is the most readily transmitted from one part of a 



.-.V 1 ,eal ures of thaf . „ . c 01 ine m0Sl . . ^ * t« .«oWa tlinw nf nnr readers who are not 



detenn 



f ««ble ttomtti* — ^iiuienng. ivir. raul makes manv garucu ui wiiu w aiiuuiw. * v 



*«Ud have th^r 5 WUh regard t0 the formation of new classes which conversant with the life history of the fungus, we would state that the 



ia*e trie most ^™r..i ... . ^ ua3bCb ) waicn _ ... • A • . ~*Un*> ^ *v.^ Kr«cirac 



res of that great gathering. Mr. Paul 



makes 



garden or farm to another. To enable those of our readers who are not 



nave the m ; wmnara 



*«* classes would m lf on > for there can be no doubt these 



Mad iJZ !,.. pubhc see the habit > Sromh, and character 



Their intro- 



each 



7^ rose 



more 



*hibuor. To the * « 



^ *e Messing InTlTV' Y° uld offer some ^gher object than to 



scope to the individual skill an d taste of the 



fungus attacks cabbages, broccolis, turnips, and other of the brassicas, 

 penetrates the plant at the tips of the fibrils, spreads through the tissues, 

 and produces the malformation and rottenness in the roots so familiar to 



has run its course, it breaks up into 



'vpense 



u Pon exhibitors 



no greater 



rf . . h » tare i 



r 0 * 5 *co mp; 



CLIMATES 



cultivators. When the fungus 

 myriads of spores, which hibernate in the diseased roots or soil, and 

 afford a ready means of distributing the disease over a wide area. Pro- 

 fessor Somerville had by his previous experiments proved to demonstra- 

 tion that by spreading soil in which diseased roots had been grown oyer 

 a perfectly healthy area, it at once became infected, and on repeating 

 them he obtained precisely the same results, and ample confirmation of 

 the correctness of the conclusions at which he had arrived. On this occa 



