GARDENERS' 



MAGAZINE. 



January 29, i8gg. 



sent out last year ; the extra broad florets of this are silvery pink. 



wi r TTrron nr^Qiimablv a sport from the well-knnw« x> r 



Qci rrT NPW fiHRYSANTHFMlJMq sent out last year ; the extra oroaa norets 01 tnis are silvery pink. Mr. 



SELECT NEW OHKYbAN FHLMUMb. w Q Egan - preS umably a sport from the well-known R. P et f£ 



Now that new varieties of chrysanthemums are increased so rapidly by w hich it so much resembles in all respects except colour, which is IwhJr 



seed and otherwise in England, as well as upon the Continent and also in 

 America, it is difficult to keep pace with the times without incurring much 

 expense. The time is not far distant when new varieties will be raised 

 in England quite freely and upon scientific rules as to cross fertilisation 

 for a definite object in colour and formation. Hitherto the raising of new 

 varieties has been pretty much a haphazard business. In making a 



than in that variety. 



Swanmore Park Gardens. 



E. Molyneux. 



Forestry in Australia. 



The increasing use of Australian timbers for wood-paving purposes has 



Veil icLico iici3 i^^n piuiij ^^m.m u — — * ^ ^v*^n*^^^, — — 0 — - i • i-i- r i. ♦ ^ * r j iia^ 



selection of new varieties growers who live far from prominent chrysan- naturally directed attention to capabilities of the various colonies as per- 

 themum centres are much handicapped in not being: able to make a manent sources of supply, the general impression being that in this 



themum centres are much handicapped in not being able to make a 

 personal inspection of the blooms when at their best, or indeed at any 

 time ; for such the Gardeners' Magazine has done good service in the 

 past in disseminating information for the benefit of its readers. With 

 the strict scrutiny practised now by members of floral committees, judges 

 and those responsible for the awarding of certificates to new varieties, a 

 new sort has to be an advance upon older kinds to gain the coveted 

 award. Especially in the incurved secton is it necessary to closely 

 scrutinise additions, as it is a difficult matter to determine to what 

 section they really belong. Too often of late have varieties been first 

 sent out as Japanese incurved when really they have been found, after 

 extended cultivation, to belong to the true incurved, and vice versa. If 

 it were possible to have trials of new varieties in the hands of some 

 practical cultivator, so that the members of the Floral Committee of the 

 N.C.S. could inspect them in various stages, better results might be 

 obtained than at present in some instances. Having had opportunities 

 to examine personally many of the new sorts during the past season 

 under various circumstances, I have pleasure in giving a selection of 



v It cannot be said that the autumn of 1897 was 



productive of many high-class novelties, indeed, I think fewer really 



MB a . ■ m 



deserving varieties. 



deserving sorts have seldom been put on the market. As usual, the 

 Japanese section heads the list in point of numbers, and as they are the 

 more popular I will name them first. 



The section known as Japanese incurved appears to predominate 

 amongst the newer varieties. Belonging to this type are several desirable 

 kinds. Mary Molyneux heads the list, and is an English-raised seedling, 

 perfect in form, and large enough to satisfy the highest aspirations. The 

 colour, rosy peach, is suffused with silver — a pleasing combination. To 

 this a really good companion is Lady Ridgway, which was raised in the 

 Isle of Man several years since. Here we have some peculiarity in 

 colour, for over the amber base of each floret runs a purple suffusion, 

 each floret being tipped with gold when young ; the inside of the florets 



• mm — - * _ _ _ _ 



Yellow-flowering varieties are really well represented by 



In the former we find a 



are terra cotta. 



Royal Sovereign, George Foster, and Lovely, 

 rich orange shade in the loosely incurving florets ; the last named is 

 quite pale, yet very pleasing. The irregular florets of George Foster are 

 a pure yellow colour. Robert Powell has quite broad florets, terra cotta, 

 shaded bronze, lined and flushed purple. A really good rosy plum-coloured 

 sort is Mdlle. Laurence Zede, which, from the many comments made 

 upon it, is likely to become popular. Those on the look out for a pure 

 lemon-coloured variety would do well to secure Georgina Pitcher. Moor 

 Park is a seedling raised by Mr. Haggart, and shown so well by him at 

 Edinburgh j the reverse is golden-bronze, the inside terra cotta. As is 

 usually the case when a standard variety contributes a sport, it is a good 

 one. This remark applies to the pale primrose offspring from Madame 

 Camot, and appropriately named Mrs. W. Mease. When I say it 

 possesses all the characteristics of its parent except colour, enough has 

 been said to stamp it as first-class. The introduction of Ella Curtis 

 reminds one forcibly of the original Boule d'Or, sent out in 1886 by 

 Messrs. Veitch as a Japanese introduction. In the present instance the 

 colour is a rich golden-yellow shaded with chestnut and bronze. Another 

 sport of prominence is the ivory-white one from Viviand Morel. Madame 

 Phillippe Rivoire reminds one of Souvenir de Petite Amie, only that the 

 new-comer is so much larger. 



Amongst brightly-coloured sorts we have J. Chamberlain, which 

 should be included in the collection of every exhibitor who wishes to be 

 near the top of the list when exhibition time comes round again. Royal 

 Standard, with its broad and flat florets of the deepest crimson, is a good 

 companion to Master H. Tucker, which is a rich dark red with bronze 

 reverse. Amaranth colour is represented by Werther, a promising flat- 

 petalled variety. In the pink-flowered section Mrs. F. A. Bevan stands 

 prominent with its medium-sized curlv-tipped florets. Mrs. G. Carpenter, 

 rosy-mauve, is even larger than fully developed blooms of Viviand Morel. 

 Madame G. Bruant, with its irregularly-incurving florets, blush white, 

 suffused with purple, should find many admirers. Mrs. Hunter Little 

 reminds one very much of Criterion ; the florets are, perhaps, a trifle 

 narrower, but the rich yellow colouring is pleasing. Admiral Ito is a 

 great favourite with many, and its erect,»fluted, and twisted florets are pure 

 yellow. As predicted last year, Lady Hanham has worked its way to the 

 front amongst new varieties J the colour, golden rosy cerise, is pleasing, 

 and when we consider that it is a sport from the ever-popular Viviand 

 Morel that appears to be a sufficient recommendation. James Bidencope 

 was conspicuously shown by Mr. Haggart and others at Edinburgh last 

 season. The colour is telling rosy-amaranth, with silver reverse. 



In the incurved section, seldom do we obtain more than half a dozen 

 new varieties yearly. This number has not been exceeded for a lone 

 time. Undoubtedly Mdlle. Lucie Faure heads the list. This chrysan- 

 themum was originally sent out as a Japanese incurved, but further trial 

 proved it to be a true incurved. The colour of the pointed, somewhat 



?E2 ,S pUre W i h,te ' 7 t ilc in size nothin & is left that * desirable. 

 Madame Ferlatit another of French origin, yet a true incurved ; a fain 



developed this colour is sometimes replaced with a pink flush. Mrs 

 N Molyneux is an English-raised variety from seed, and is full and 



ITS Th^TZ^ ^ ! V ° ry T hite - In Austin Cannell we have 

 a well- built flower, rich purple, and silver lined. Ernest Cannell blush 

 pink, base suffused yellow, is a good addition ; and so is Lady Isabet 



in this 



respect Western Australia takes the lead, 'ihis, however, is an erroneous 

 assumption, for, according to Mr. Coghlan, the New South Wales 

 Government Statistician, the Australian mother colony possesses a 

 wealth of timber surpassed by only a few other countries. Its woods are 

 as varied as they are valuable, ranging from the ironbarks, unsurpassel 

 for work requiring hardness and durability, to the kinds suitable for the 

 most delicate specimens of the cabinetmaker's art. Indiscriminate fell- 

 ing has, however, made several kinds comparatively scarce, a frequent 

 experience in newly settled countries, where the leading object of the 

 pioneer residents is almost invariably to get rid of the timber on the 

 lands occupied by them. The necessity of preserving the timber 

 resources of the colony, and preventing the ruthless destruction of the 

 best species of brush and hardwood which was being carried on, 

 principally in the Clarence River district and in the eucalyptus forests on 

 the Murray, led the Government, in 1 871, to establish a certain number 

 of forest reserves throughout the colony, in which permission to cut 

 timber, under certain conditions, should be granted upon payment of a 

 fixed fee. Subsequently, in 1875, the office of Forest Ranger was 

 created, and this led to the formation, in March, 1882, of a Forest Con- 

 servation Branch, which was attached to the Department of Mines. 

 Seven years later the colony was sub-divided into a number of forest 

 districts. These are frequently inspected by forest rangers, whose duty 

 it is to report on the existing state of the proclaimed reserves, control 

 the operations of licensed timber-getters, receive royalties on the 

 various kinds of timber upon which such dues may be levied, and report 

 upon applications to ringbark trees on Crown lands, whether comprised 

 in forest reserves or otherwise. 



In view of the importance of the timber resources of the Colony, the 

 Hon. J. H. Carruthers, Minister for Lands, is preparing a bill, the main 

 feature of which will be the establishment of permanent forestry reserves, 

 where the timber can not only be used as it matures, but where steps can 

 be taken to create a new supply to take the place of the trees which may 

 be felled. This feature of the establishment of permanent reserves is, the 

 Minister says, the chief matter to be considered, and it will apply mainly 

 to the coastal forests, to the red-gum forests on the Murray, and to the 

 ironbark forests all over the Colony. With regard to the pine forests, it 

 is recognized that a different system will have to be adopted, because pine 

 is a timber of rapid growth, and, indeed, in many instances it is nothin, 

 more nor less than a noxious weed. In the meantime much has been 

 already effected in the direction indicated. During the last two years 

 about 60,000 acres of red gum, 30,000 acres of pine, and 2,000 acres of 

 coastal forests have been improved by thinning out and destroying the 

 superabundant growths. This work has been carried out with the object 

 of ensuring the maturity of a larger number of trees to the acre, and, by 

 reason of the additional light and air afforded, of their reaching that 

 stage in about two-thirds of the time that would be taken under natural 

 conditions. The cost of the thinning-out operations averages 5s. 8d. per 

 acre in the red gum areas, 4s. 6d. in the pine areas, and 7s. in the coastal 

 areas ; and it is estimated that this outlay will return during the next 

 twenty years two or three hundred marketable trees to the acre where the 

 present unimproved average is but four or five. The Forest Conservation 

 branch is charged with the direction of a State forest nursery, which is 

 situated at Gosford, in the beautiful district of Brisbane Water, about 

 fifty miles from Sydney, where the acclimatisation of valuable foreign 

 timber trees, and the conservation of such of the best indigenous species 

 as might otherwise be likely to disappear, are attended to. The area sec 

 apart for the nursery is sixty-five acres, of which twenty-five acres art 

 cleared and cultivated. Among the indigenous trees which are raisea 

 there may be mentioned tallow- wood, blackbutt, beef wood, silky 

 yellow pine, the best varieties of ironbark, and red cedar, the red I ceaa 

 seedlings on hind at the close of 1895 numbering about 32,000. Uliw 

 special attention has been paid to the cultivation of the white ? ,alDerr , 

 in expectation of a demand for this tree in consequence of the incr **rJ 

 interest taken in the cultivation of silk in the colony. It is estimated uw 

 there are 28,000 mulberry trees of different varieties, in various stage* • 

 growth in the nursery, besides nearly 100,000 exotic trees of economic vai ^ 

 In addition to reforesting the Crown reserves with the best clas^e ^ 

 timber, the State forest nursery distributes specimens among scttIers n<J 

 the sparsely-timbered areas in the western districts of the colony, * 

 supplies them to municipalities, to the trustees of public reserves, ana 

 the improvement of church and school lands and other purposes. * 



890 



v 



wut tuc nursery, tne number lor ibgb being 24,709,"' ""T" we rc 

 were supplied to public bodies and private persons, and U^49 * 

 placed in reserves and other plantation areas. The number of mercn 

 able plants remaining in the establishment on January t, 1897, was d 

 mated at 104,040, viz., 21,200 in pots, 17,100 seedlings in bp*™* _ 

 65.740 plants open-rooted. The consumption of wattle-bark is 



. - . supply ueing ODiameu urwm *»— « r {j* 



thus be readily seen that there is room for a large development o 

 trade in New South Wales. The department has taken steps to pre 

 the indiscriminate stripping of the bark, and the destruction of tne 

 and thus stimulate the trade. fCC 

 Sydney, N.S. IV. JOHN PlUMM^ 



ng 



