30, rftf 



GA RDENERS* MA GAZINE. 



27s 



as to cause them to assume a yellowish hue, and consequently to give rise 

 '^somTanxiety on the part of the owner. As pointed out in the Board's Journal, 



it is 



damagi 



of cochylis is contemporary with the destruction of small birds in the vineyards, 

 for these are shot whenever possible, with the result that there is literally no bird 



insect life reigns 



If the birds were only 



allowed they would go to the vines in search of grub, cochylis, or other kinds, and 

 obtain ! - a ..... 



thus early in the year, but there can be no doubt that the abnormal state of 

 T^weatber until February greatly favoured the attack. Aphids are frequently 

 found alive in winter, but seldom in sufficient numbers to cause injury to the 

 fonts on which they are found. The pine aphis attacks several species of firs, 

 specially the Scotch fir, but is not often seen upon deodars. It is one of the 

 largest of the British aphides. The wingless viviparous female is brown in colour, and, 



according to Mr. Buckton, there is also a darker variety. It has very long legs, par- _ ^ ^ ^ 



ticularly the hind pair, and an extraordinarily long beak or rostrum, with a spear-like were alone employed in looking for and destroying the eggs and larva of This 



point with which it pierces the firs at the base of the " needles," and extracts the insect." Had the bir J - *- " 



sap. Its body is covered with short hairs. Upon the needles of the pieces of deodars performed the work, 

 lent for examination to the Board little groups of fine white threads were seen, 



ine principal organ of the viticulturist interest states that "cochylis was last year 

 one of the principal agents in the reduction of the vintage. In certain important 

 vineyards the loss occasioned by this insect amounts to hundreds of casks. And 

 yet this cannot be laid at the door of negligence, since we know of a property 



000 



willingly 



Zonal Pelargoniums at Ghent. —An exhibit that startled our continental 



evidently produced by these aphides. The most serviceable remedy would, it is . . ■ M»u .T!fc * ~ Star " ed ° UF cont,nen< 



^esteTbe to syringe the infested trees with solutions objectionable to the iT^l £Z ' °' 



asect, so as to make its food distasteful. Nothing could be better for this than . ... cxcensive ms P la y °f large 



a 



bouquets of finely-developed zonal 



nsect. SO as 10 maKC us iuuu uisut^iciui. nuuiiDg couiu uc ucuci iui ujw ^lo*-™™,™ 1, ^ f ^ ^ 1 J * — — ***** 



he composition used for freeing hop plants from their peculiar aphides, made by ^Z^^^T^^^'F^ *** SoM ' KeDt TheS6 



nixing eight pounds of soft soap and thi extract of six pounds of quassia chips to „Z t u*?™ n , * • • nd m ° St SuitabIe during a lon £ career ' and 



»e hundred gallons of water. This should be syringed all over the trees by „ ^ 7" t0 . V, f l ° rs t0 our leadin S London and Provincial displays, 



neans of garden-engines with strong pumps ; or, if the tree is too high, knapsack " £ not necessa [y to particularise the varieties, but some idea of the effectiveness 



machines for spraying may be used by men upon ladders. This must be done g ™l , W1 " be S amed from the stateme * that from ten to 1 



,-ery carefully, and the syringing would probably have to be repeated. P. ° f bI ?° mS Were set U P over a g^ndwork of greenery. 



large 



One of the very 



ran- aJ hi few silver medals awarded at Ghent for non-competitive exhibits goes to Swanley 



Trillium grandif lorum is well known as one of the most beautiful hardy to show the jury's appreciation of Messrs. Cannell and Son's production. 



>gnised 



:nce the magnificent specimen exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting on Tue # # 

 r. Empson, the chief of the Ampthill House Gardens, is deserving of special 



*• mi m M m - ---- - 



A New Experimental Station at Garforth, near Leeds, is being 



established for the instruction of agricul tural students. The County Councils of 



ention. The specimen in question was about thirty inches in diameter, and was * e East and West Ridin g s of Yorkshire are combining in this matter, and, under 

 nished with a profusion of its chaste snow- white flowers, and it created much . ^P"™ 1011 of Dr - Somerville, of the Durham College of Science, Mr. Haydon 



a. _ i » m \I71 Of r%rsr*£> r*r\mm « J j a » A m r /* 



I a 



terest among the visitors. 



will at once commence experiments and give demonstrations. A vote of .£1,500 



agreed to as a vote towards expenses. Courses in dairying will be held 



At the Swanley Horticultural College courses of instruction will be ell . .„ . 4 . rrr - - 



given during the summer, and open, for the first time, to non-resident students of Sh ° rtIy ' Md , P eaaluBd instructlon &™ to J™*» of fift een Y™* «d upwards 

 both sexes. Professor Warrington, of Oxford, will deal with Soils ; Professor A New British Flora is in course of production by the Rev. E. F. Linton, 



I Ienslow will treat upon the Physiology of Plants; and the Messrs. R. and A. who is taking the " London Catalogue " as his basis to work upon. Since the 

 Dean will discuss Flower and Vegetable Culture. Courses of instruction in Bee latest floras were published not a few " forms " of British plants and several 



distinct species have been discovered and described. 



Botanists and Mycologists in the United States with officially 



an ] Poultry Keeping will also form part of the programme. 



Vegetable Culture in Italy.— The cultivation of vegetables in Italy has — m „ MJ .« ^...« u oimw wiui umcimiy 



« greatly extended of late years, and the exports of both fruits and vegetables have Government positions number fifty, All but ten of the States possess a State 

 materially increased. The export of dried vegetables was 498,000 cwts. in 1895 

 and 794 000 cwts. in 1896, chiefly to Austria, Great Britain, France, Spain, and 

 •Ttugai. No statistics are available as to the production of fresh vegetables, but 

 cau .(lowers, broccoli, artichokes, tomatos, and other fresh vegetables form an im- 

 portant article of export in the winter ; the quantity sent abroad in 1895 was 



botanist, while New York and Connecticut have two each. Altogether there are 

 fifty-one State experiment stations in the United States. 



°°o cwts. and in 1806 180.000 



Only 3.9S 2 cwts. are stated to have been 



eS v, great I? 11 direCt in the ktter yean The ex P° rts of Preserved fruit and 

 g ables have steadily mcreased during recent years ; in 1S93 they amounted to 



SSd to ^; n ! 896 10 St 1 " C V S -' ° f the ktter qUantity 44,556 cwts. were 

 InSoS, tT « hC P roduction ^ Potatos is practically stationary. 



t e • eyea :v 89 ^ {t amounted to an ave ^ e ° f 14,411,000 



4^000 cwts! P ° m 9 ' Chie " y t0 AUStr5a> Malt3 ' and Germa ^- was 



th, SLunhf r e ,V nd f arket Qarden ers.-At a recent meeting of 

 Place ^h lel ^ " ortlcultural Society of Ireland a brisk discussion took 



the Pfo^^S ° th , C r P0siti0n of ^rserymen and market gardeners under 



^ P^inTo a r l, ^ BI,L The ° UtCOme of the was 



«* C «^ «^ " That th» Council of the Royal Horticultural Society 



represen^ives t0 P „H ^ i ^ , ^ CUy and C ° Unty of Dubli n Parliamentary 

 ««t oMnc Ldin, ° t f ^ L ° CaI Government Bill to the 



dUtricts, in the n T? 1 ^ ^ in Urban 6istticts > « well as rural 



,0 ^ COPiCS ° f ^ re$0lUti0n ^ fOIWarded 



P^whe a n b r fl S owe?\-if S0 ^ nOWn *l C " Stata ' is aIwa y s an interesting 



^ Purple involne a * UmbelS ° f PUrpUsh H ° WerS ' «™ounted ^ two 



P^liar form At ? T™^* ConsiderabJ e attention by reason of their 

 flo *ering in [ he Sf ** » *\ * ^ s P ecimen of this Malayan plant 



fc »y exuded urnteTs bt si f ^ ^ rdenS ' KeW ' and «^»g «B»«een large 



Vine Culti • a ° n0t y6t ° pened * 



duri ng i8 97 U f or unt t !^i n B ?; rdeaux was not attended with the best results 

 ^ P'oduoion J Z: diseaSes ' and insect P^ts combined to reduce 



"1 « P, ordeau f ^ and c ° n s ^^y the vintage also. Mr. Hearn, British 



^ lib 



t. To the good cultivator phyl- 

 peasant who cannot afford to fight 



only 



* ii the di<^ ine 



wh€n they co^** ° n,y aUack si °Z ] y they n* 



viR evards that cL UP S h ° rdeS ' ^ did " 



* **» and condufons of a n^ and T ^ Mi,dew ' blackrot , cochylis, and 

 mischievous Z l^u ^ *" in l **> but aft « the mildew the 



tT** ^ comes faS Tin " ^ C0ChyliS ' ThiS inSeCt » Which hibe -ates in a 

 Z** ° f a house-fly and 7 ^ ^"^ " & br ° Wn and orange-yellow moth of 

 ?S f0, thitcan feed on thi aVS l,^ ^ the p,antS ' so that when the grub 



moisorns (*1r~ i • Vlne blossoms. Later 



Some 



^cces 



had it 01 



so continue the work of destruction. 



""own wL * ^ nCt . beCn WideI ^ tlied » and the cochylis 



y in the last vintage. It appears that the' appearance 



Botanical Garden for Aberdeen. 



The following is an abstract from the deed of trust by Miss Cruickshank for 

 founding and endowing a botanical garden for Aberdeen: " The trustees, who 

 constitute also the board of management, are the Principal (Sir William Geddes), 

 the Professor of Botany (Dr. James W. H. Trail), and the Professor of Mathematics 

 (Dr. Pirie), and their successors in their respective offices in the University of 

 Aberdeen, and other three gentlemen whose successors fall to be appointed by 

 the survivors from time to time as vacancies arise. There is to be handed to the 

 trustees by Miss Cruickshank at Whit Sunday first a sum of ;£ 15,000 sterling, 

 which is to be employed by them in providing, forming, and laying out and main- 

 taining a botanical garden, with all necessary appurtenances, including provision 

 for the teaching and study of botany as pure science, and as applied to arts and 

 industries, and, in their discretion, the provision of a house as a residence for the 

 keeper of the garden. It is provided that the keeper of the garden may, if the 

 trustees think proper, be the professor of botany in the university, and they may 

 appoint one of their own number to act as factor or cashier for the trust. The 

 garden is to be known in all time coming as the " Cruickshank Botanical Garden," 

 in memory of the donor's late brother, Dr. Alexander Cruickshank, and it is to be 

 held by the trustees in all time for the use, enjoyment, and behoof of the 

 University of Aberdeen, and of the general public, without any preferable right in 

 either, except to such extent, if any, as it may be thought proper by the trustees, 

 in furtherance of the trust, to set apart class rooms, laboratories, or other buildings 

 for the special service of either body. The trustees, subject to the above declara- 

 tion, are to prescribe such regulations for the use and control of the garden as they 

 may' think proper. It is specially provided that the bequest is, so far as the 

 university is concerned, to be in supplement of the annual provision already made 

 by the university court or from other public sources, or by other private donors, 

 for the teaching of botany as above defined fn connection with the university, and 

 that if the University Court shall at any time withdraw or diminish their pro- 

 vision the trustees may divert the bequest to other purposes." 



Commenting on this munificent gift to Aberdeen University, an Aberdeen 

 correspondent says: Miss Cruickshank's gift of £15,000 is cordially appreciated 

 by both town and gown, and on all sides the opinion is expressed that no more 

 suitable form could have been adopted of perpetuating the memory of the late 

 Dr. Alexander Cruickshank, the brother, whom it is the desire of the donor to 

 honour. Dr. Cruickshank took an exceedingly warm interest in the welfare of 

 Aberdeen University, and he was above all things a lover of Nature and of the 

 sciences of which botany is a leading representative. As Sir William Geddes so 

 well phrased it at the meeting at which intimation was made of the gift, it is a 

 peculiarly happy circumstance that the memorial to Dr. Cruickshank's name 

 should be associated with a science in which he was himself such a proficient. 

 The fitness of the gift is no less noteworthy as regards the University itself. A 

 botanic garden has long been felt to be one of the most urgent needs of the 

 University. It has been an object ever dear to the heart of the popular professor 

 who at present so worthily fills the chair of botany in the University, and the recently 

 formed Endowment Association made the provision of a botanic garden one of its 

 main objects. The public are to share in the advantages of the garden. The gift 

 is for the use of the University, but combined with that there will be access for the 

 public to the garden, and as far as possible to the collections within the garden. 

 Summed up, the Cruickshank Botanic Garden will be a boon not only to the 

 University of Aberdeen, bat to the city as well, to the amenities of which it will 

 form a notable and valuable addition. 



