THE 



GARDENERS 



MAGAZINE. 



SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1898. 



OVAL 



O F 



BOTANIC SOCIETY 



GARDENS, REGENT'S PARK. 

 CRFVT SUMMER EXHIBITION OF PLANTS AND FLOWERS. 



WEDNESDAY next, MAY n, at 2 P™ 



Band of the 1st Life Guards. 

 Tickets 5s., or on the day 7s. 6d. each. 

 Fntries should be forwarded to the Secretary, at the hardens. 



LONDON 



I\n incajii^"'^ — - — ■ — 



4 T nRPTFV EDGE AND VVILMSLOW HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



\ -The TWO SHOWS will be held, one at Ai.deri.ev Edge on August 12 and 13, and one 

 «Wii«sto«- on November 11 and 12, 1898. 



"^"hoi) 5 J^v^eo.^eaubeater 1 , Jun., Trafford Road, Alderley Edge, near Manchester. , f llJC gluwlll auovc 



^T^TY^OF GLOUCESTER AND CHELTENHAM ROYAL £ the rtsul \ o{ the more rational course of procedure advocated by Mr. 



I UUflU HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. h.kk-«i tu. • , - 



^ nl «n FYHIRITIONS to b< held on WHIT SATURDAY and MONDAY, May 28 a c fkp wcnH c re 1 \ " "**" ****** »" gaiucns 



^ £ W.™ SS?2S T 2If 1898, at Cheltenham. Schedules and entry forms sent on »s the resnlt of the reform effected cannot be estimated with any degree 



t i^^*^ oa '^^^^^Geo^Tovey and R. Henry Smith, 53, Regent Street, Cheltenham. " 



Entries close May 21 and September 17, 1898, respectively. 



length, and ,n the second year bear fruit, provided other conditions are 

 favourable. The advice was acted upon in numberless instances, with 

 the result that trees which previously gave a very small return, now pro- 

 duce an abundance. In hundreds of gardens may be seen bush and 

 pyramidal trees that present a scarred, cankery appearance, some four, 

 five, or six feet from the ground, whilst above the branches present a 

 smooth and otherw.se healthy appearance. These scars indicate the 

 point to which the trees were previously cut back, while the growth above 



™»o, t 0 f the more rationa i course of p roceaure advocated by Mr. 



The increase in the productiveness of fruit trees in gardens 

 -_lt of the reform effected cannot be estimated with any degree 

 of exactitude, but it must represent a money value of some thousands of 

 pounds annually. 



ORTICULTURAL SHOW ADVERTISEMENTS are inserted in this 



column at One Shilling per line, the minimum charge being Five Shillings. Advertise 

 Office. 148 and 149, Aldersgate Street, London, E.C 



FLOWERS 



NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. 



As we are within a measurable distance of the Temple Show, it may 

 be well to recall the strictures which are made year after year upon some 

 of the exhibits, which, however beautiful the flowers constituting them 

 . ma y be individually, are wanting in attractiveness, owing to the lack of 



Owing to the continued increase in circulation, the « Gardeners' T^!" ^ arran S ements - Although in some cases this is doubtless 



due to inadequate space granted for the quantity shown, this is but a 

 poor excuse, if any, since the exhibitor knows perfectly well beforehand 

 how much space is at his disposal, but obviously does not grasp the fact 

 that crowding that space as if it were a market stall, is less satisfactory 

 than would be a selection of the best and exclusion of second 

 rates, and consequent higher grading all round. Year after year we find 

 the " market bunch ■ system adopted, where half a dozen good blooms 

 per cluster would look infinitely prettier and afford a far better opportunity 



Magazine " now goes to press on Wednesday. No advertisement can 

 be guaranteed insertion, or altered, unless received before Four p.m. 

 on that day. 



Notes of the Week. 



PROGRESS IN FRUIT CULTURE. 



• "•N"-'^ ""v » "X^ « ■ VV/1-.1 «v*-«» * — " — -ww-. •mmmimmj anu aiiui u a lai ucuci uppui lUllll Y 



THE several papers read at the conference held at the Crystal Palace of i ud ging the flowers so shown. Take the flowers as they grow naturally 



under the auspices of the Royal Horticultural Society are included in the an( * we fi ncI a perfect harmony between them and their foliage, the one 



current issue of the society's journal, and form an important part of the setting off the other; the sweet pea for instance, with its characteristic 



contents of that publication. Wh 



leafage and tendrils, forms a charming spray, but cut a number of 



contain much that is of value, we turned with special interest to that in these sprays, put no leaves at all, and cram the lot into something little 



which Mi. George Bunyard discusses the progress made in fruit culture better than a ginger-beer bottle, and where is the natural grace and what 



during the past sixty years, for this journal has been closely identified are the qualifications of such a bouquet for the first show in London ? 



with the question for a long time past, and the author is properly The curious thing about such exhibits is that the show itself affords 



recognized as an authority on matters relating to fruit production. Mr. annually a liberal education which should lead to their elimination, but 



Bunyard's paper, as might well be expected, contains much useful in- ^ rst an< * foremost the actual plants themselves, as they grow, are the best 



formation, and well deserves careful perusal, but it hardly realises our teachers. Next to the proper exhibition of cut flowers individually, comes, 



anticipations, and we confess to a sense of disappointment in reading it. °* course, the grouping and general arrangements, and here again 



Ve fail to find any reference whatever to the work accomplished by the crowding is a mistake, and very much may be done to enhance effect, by 



te Shirley Hibberd, who, by his vigorous crusade against the repressive careful arrangement of colours, and the introduction of suitable foliage 



system of pruning which so long held sway in the fruit garden, rendered plants, by way of set off It is a question whether it might not prove 



services of so high a degree of value that they should have recognition, advisable in cases where exhibits are not up to the mark, to call upon the 



^owever brief, in a sketch of the progress of fruit culture during the exhibitors when applying for space at future shows, to define their inten- 



^ueens reign. Early in 1876 Mr. Hibberd commenced his attack upon tions, or failing this, to erect a special tent in some secluded corner, 



practice of pruning, which rendered it impossible for the trees to which should tacitly occupy the same status as the Chamber of Horrors 



L'h^f u Uate rCtUrn for the labour Dest0we <* upon them, and although at Madame Tussaud's. 



Ution e in™ T*. ° f / ^ controvers y *** ™ch misrepresen- 



S h LSirVT TTt fr ° m thecourse on which he had entered 

 in the views eeneM 1 h' M • t ^ ^ " VieW and effeCted a reform 



Previous to that yea/,, vLh r^T*/ 0 ^ ° f the pnming knife ' economic entomology by the general body of fruit growers, we have re- 



before the Society of Art! n ! p " ,bberd stated m his { ^ous lecture given cent Iv received from widely separated districts branches of apples that 



*reed that th^^^Jf TT i ? ' " " t0 be genera,I y 



should be such IT V treCS m ^ Very stage of their exi ^tence 



So Starving T &My-developed examples of their respective 

 •« mo t ornn,^ ™* largdy emp, ° yed ' and the ™ d * of manage- 

 -«-meS 



A TROUBLESOME ORCHARD PEST. 



As one result of the more intelligent interest that is being taken in 



cently received from widely separated districts branches of apples that 

 had been injured in a manner that evidently greatly perplexed our cor- 

 respondents. The bark was punctured at intervals, and on removing it 

 the inner bark and the wood was found to be marked by channels, the 



am 



summer nln^k- — ^ muu ^u systematic 1 



runted trees "thtrfoJ 1 ^Y^ 1 * gardens became with 

 Pounds of f Jt hTr ^uT in the P roduc ^n of a 



Hlbber ° persilnH v ' 7°^ haVC b6en sufficient for a ton." 

 Culti vator can trv y t IT^r ?** g °° d effeCt > that befor « the 



^produce!, i n *t ^ ° f fruit ' he niust h ^e the trees 

 •koold h* ,1.^.. ? aCCOrdance w >t h those views, he advised tW ti,- *™ 



branch channels branching off at nearly right angles from the 

 passage. Although it is not a common occurrence for apple trees grow- 

 ing in this country to be injured in this way, we had no difficulty in 

 recognising the injury as the work of the small bark beetle (Scolytus 

 hcemorrhous), which appears to be very troublesome on the European 

 Mr. continent and in the United States. The full-grown beetle is about an 



eighth of an inch long, and russety black in colour. Towards the end 

 of April, or quite early in May, the beetle emerges from the pupa case, 

 and in a very short period it commences to take the steps necessary 



^ should above al' th!n h bd ° W the surface > and that to ensure the perpetuation of the species. In the first place it bores a 



a due nronnrt;^ , g J encouraged to so extend their branches hn\e in the bark of the smaller branches, and forms a passage on the 



*as 

 »hol 



76 a 



— - «. me shoots of th a • " 1,ucr pruning to cut the 



^m*Z ^ the P re -ous season back to three or four buds, 



X US€l «s in fruit Dr J? W , yearS i C treCS became crowded W 

 ^ the l *di ng Sdl 1° tl ° n : T ° COmbat this Practice, it was urged 



l^' ed > ^r, a°s cZr^'r alI ° Wed to g™w and surplus shoots be 



**on, See !S * » ^ «- of 



forms 



It inner side about three-quarters of an inch in length. This task having 

 been accomplished, the eggs, which are whitish, are deposited somewhat 

 regularly on either side, and in a few days the larvae are hatched, and 

 commence to form channels at right angles to the main passage, chiefly 

 between the bark and wood, but in the case of soft shoots the channels 

 are frequently made through the soft wood. At the end of the channels 

 the grub forms a small receptacle in which it ensconces itself and changes 

 into a chrysalis. After passing through the chrysalis stage the beetle 

 escaoes bv boring through the bark, and within a very short period com- 



