May 7 



1898. 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



291 



Champion 



White 



in seven msum^- »j 



. nr %A MflincroD. in xuur u 



instance only by Wonder 



cases 



Antn 



• 111 OXA *iawv»— - — ^ 



four instances by Beauty of Hebron, 



A 



cases 



Lammas lands, the Clackett's Path, the Abbey Hill Path (La 



in two 



Lane 



airn seau y ^ ^ yielded in eighty-one instances by Up-to- Eltham roadside waste, the Chelsfield Path, the Oak of Honor Hill, the Heme 



cr0 p exceeding five tons Pe Hill right-of-way obstruction, the Field Hedges % ¥ „ 



pate, and in seventy -nm^ ^ ^ ^ ree ^ ^ greatest number of times, and Path (Crockham Hill), the St. Martha's Path (Guildford), the Ilorsell Common 

 du(^ crops exceeding^ (Woking), the Tunbridge Wells footpath case, and the Coxhill Green 



; n no case did it yie ■ (Chobham). The committee complains that owing to local apathy it experiences 



great difficulty in obtaining necessary support and information, consequently it is 

 anxious to found local branches at all important centres in Kent and Surrey. 



New Zealand Apples will not be sent to this country this season, owing 

 to a rupture between the fruit growers and the Colonial government. The 

 Government guaranteed one penny per pound as a minimum, and at this rate a 



Lance to produce that quantity. 



Jfir Horticulture will not have advanced much as a result of the 

 ( t R H S Scientific Committee at its most recent sitting. There 

 OZZn few specimens to be considered, and only four members present Some 

 * lies were received from Mr. F. M. Gulrin, Iscoed, remarkable for a 



Tine leave* wuv •« A- ^ui- * — a« airhnnorh none was nre- 



S • Z This appeared to be attributable to green fly, although none was pre 

 * C The exudation is the result of puncture. Mr. F. F Freeman sent son, 

 delved P*ony leaves which appeared to have decayed at the junction with the 

 * They were forwarded to Mr. W. G. Smith for examination for the pre- 

 *^offun<ri Mr. Henslow described a rather curious case of a bush of Ribes 

 r^cinea crowing by the south side of some pailings. It had sent up a number of 

 hoots on the north side. The former half were in full leaf bearing very few 

 racemes ; while that on the other side was covered with flowers, the foliage being 



Mr. F. F. Freeman sent some number of growers were willing to ship fruit. Later 



case 



scarcely apparent 



Disease 



The cultivation of tomatos has attained 



such large proportions, both in private gardens and commercial establishments, 

 that the prevention of fungoid attacks is a matter of primary importance. As in 

 the case of the potato, the tomato is liable to be seriously damaged from diseases 

 caused by fungi. The leaf-blight disease begins by attacking the older or lower 

 leaves first, and then extends upwards to the younger parts of the plants. The 

 injured leaves gradually lose colour and become thickened and curled at the 

 margins. Brown spots next appear, and ultimately the leaves die and fall off, the 

 plant being thus rendered incapable of producing and ripening fruit. Tomato 

 blight may arise from the use of seed from diseased and enfeebled stock. It may 

 be contracted through the agency of spores which linger in the soil in which 

 iieased plants have been grown. Trials conducted at the Maryland experiment 

 tAtion have shown the Bordeaux mixture to be an effectual means of checking 

 te tomato leaf blight. In 1896 spraying with the solution four times resulted, 

 ver thirty-five varieties, in an average increase of 2*5 tons per acre of marketable 



.1 



to cover expenses, beside payments of other kinds, and make their own arrange- 

 ments as to consignment. The Auckland Fruit Growers' Association took the 

 lead in breaking off negotiations with the Government after these radical alterations 

 of conditions. 



An Italian National Chrysanthemum Society*— We are informed 



that a few amateurs and others interested in the chrysanthemum have 

 formed a provisional committee for the purpose of organising a national 

 society in Italy. Among the names we notice those of our friend Mr. Briscoe- 



Ironside, Mr. Scalarandis, and others. The lines upon which the new society is 

 to be established are somewhat similar to those of the French N.C.S., and include 

 the promoting of shows in various parts of the country, the publication of a 

 monthly journal, and the granting of medals, diplomas, and subsidies. A pre- 

 liminary circular has been issued, and as soon as a sufficient number of applica- 

 tions has been received is is expected that the society will take a definite form 

 Mr. Paolo Radaelli, of Milan, is the provisional secretary. 



Fruit Cultivation at Las Pal mas is beset with not a few difficulties, 



though with capital, requisite knowledge, and perseverance, these may be over- 

 come. The business is not all pleasure and profit, and Vice-Consul Ferguson 

 does not encourage emigrants. He states that people who want to conduct a 

 fruit business in Las Palmas must have a perfect knowledge of the English 



In 1897 spraying three times resulted, over nineteen varieties, in an average market and its requirements, where to, whom to, and how to send their produce 



tse of 2*2 tons per acre of marketable tomatos. The increase in crop as an 



portant 



They 



t of spraying ranged from a quarter of a ton to six tons per acre in 1896, and be prepared to enter into contracts to sell the whole produce of a given 



a quarter of a ton to 4 # tons in i8 9 7- Some varieties appear to be more standard of size and quality that the contracted land produces at a stipulated 



ptible to blight than others. In 1896, however, all save one variety, and 

 97 all except three varieties, gave an increased crop of ripe fruit as a result 



price per one hundred pounds in the case of tomatos and potatos, and at per bunch 



bananas 



necessary 



season 



.aying. The boitillie employed was made in the proportion of 81b. of sul- » - , „ , . , , , 



! of copper and 4 lb. of quicklime to forty or fifsy gallons of water ; the fallen . the heat » and concurrent causes, they can afford to take and handle all the 



rruits, which, unfortunately, ripen and come forward at the same time, making 

 the balance of the home market go wrong, and themselves too if not strong 



ng is, as we have frequently advised in giving directions for the preparation 

 t mixture, best done in wooden vessels. 



tl c ...... . _ • ... ■ _ ' i enough to tide it over. In other years the maleza, a kind of mildew, will be 



ine fcxnibition of British -grown Fruit to be held under the auspices preV ai en t and they will lose all the fruit they have counted on having to ship, 

 f the Royal I lorticultural Society, at the Crystal Palace, will take place on £ hfi busil J ess has w e pro fits when things go right, and, provided the possession 



tember 29 and 30 and October 1. The schedule of this show is now ready, 



The next meeting 



obtained 



1 — — J J " mm^mmm m*mm**m w "** v \+ 



ual.and in the afternoon the Rev. Professor G. Henslow, M.A., V.M.H., 

 lecture upon " Some of the Plants Exhibited." We understand that this 

 ;>on will offer the last opportunity for Fellows to compete for the Veitch 

 * offered for the best- flavoured apples and pears. 



1 h*r of exDeriments at Congleton with the town sewage as a manurial 



2d m^J 11 th V hird year '° f itS exist ' ence ' now c°™7s more7han7our " enfforTrm crops The results confirm what has already been found, viz 

 l «i members, and includes the names of most of the famous raisers aud St carefS y used the sewage is a splendid fertiliser and will increase the yield 



of some crops as much as fifty per cent. With regard to wheat production, Mr. 



The French National Chrysanthemum Society.— There is every 



of great activity in the executive of this young but rapidly increasing 

 «y. Its journal continues to appear, and contains much matter interesting to 

 'tmental and other " mummers," and the society has recently had published in 

 wte form some of the principal papers read at the Orleans Conference last 

 «mber. The papers form a neatly printed pamphlet of thirty-six pages, with 

 ■afcons, and the subjects are as follows : Chrysanthemum maladies and 

 tes the fertilisation of the chrysanthemum, and the best manures and com- 

 n-i M m chr >' santnemum cultivation, the last being from the pen of our 

 * r. r-atzer, who, as an able cultivator, speaks with authority. The society, 



B only m the third year 'of its existence, now counts more than four 

 •ea members — * ' * > - - 



*tn in Europe. 



' m he7£! l0n ° f ^' antS int ° G r eece.-The Board of Agriculture state 

 ed JanuarT ^71 ^ F ° reigQ ° ffice a tran ^ion of a decree, 



Auction Z \ !, embo<J y in g the measures taken in order to prevent the 



» any cout J*° GreeCe ' By this deCree k is forbidd <m to import 



«. whether 7* I ^ With P h y lloxeia <* ™t-(a) Any parts of 



1 hquoricc • (T ^\ ; (d) aDy Uving pkntS ° r ***** thereof ' M madder 

 ^rfmanure? . A? hhaVebeenuSedt ° SUp P° rt vines > M vegetable 

 earth or J VCgetable Soil and anv kind of shi P s ' ba ll*st consisting of 

 mi «ed from t!T Sand ' Im P ortations . under certain conditions, are only 

 rUoxera does not ""^ H ° ,land ' Den mark, Sweden, and Norway, where 

 cultural exne ' ^ &nd cuttin g s of P lants (vmes excepted) for 



"y formalities ^Th 51 ^ 10118 be im P orted throu gh certain ports after 



Wt9tt > Permitted vi ^P 01 ^ 11011 of the following articles inter alia is, 

 •t«. ' ' aI1 kmds of d ry seeds, dried fruits, and dried medicinal 



3» mamS pooh reservation Society keeps steadily at work, and does 



3Cty ^ just issued V 1 qUbt Way ' The Kent and Surrev Committee of the 



»ts report for 1897, this showing that in the counties 



of sufficient capital, local knowledge of English markets, good administrative 

 ability to deal with the Spanish fruit-grower, packer, and peon, bodily strength 

 enough to endure long riding in the saddle, under a hot sun, over mule tracks 

 between different villages, and the strain of constant day and night work when a 

 ship is due home, then let them go into the business, and they will prosper ; 

 otherwise the best advice is, Don't. The climate is equable, for the tropical heat 

 i<= moderated by the Atlantic breezes. Winter is almost unknown on the coasts. 

 The east and south-east winds are the scourge of this island. Blowing over the 

 burning plains of Africa, they carry an intensely hot and dry air, which destroys 

 veeetation, and induces disease. The absence of severe cold makes it a pleasing 

 retreat for invalids, and the slight variation of temperature leads many to resort 

 thither But the very mildness of the atmosphere makes it less attractive to those 

 who prefer a bracing air, and enervating to those engaged in active employment. 

 Then Ze as Englishmen live at home, with plenty of fresh meat, is not easy 

 in Las Palmas ; land not the least difficulty is the postal arrangements. 



Sewage Farming at Congleton.-Mr. W. Bowler has been conducting 



London 



to 



what would proau,e • ^ ^ ^ produced> we are forced to the 



the farmer at a ^t of is P ^ { ^ 



conclusion that ^^^e is practically asked to produce calico without 

 cotton im His'whole duty is to feed the teeming population of our great cities, and 

 he naturallv looks to the cities for his necessary raw material in return. They 

 ff V ot bread for his co-workers of Nature, the bacteria of the soil, but stones. 

 What Then, would be the consequence if the vast stores of raw material (the base 



> c.J ™\A which are despised, and which the insatiable maw of the 

 S S ££S£> \U — «o the BriUsh f,™e, P Who can 

 the increase of national wealth, national employment, and national home-grown 

 food which would accrue to our country if a true natural method of sewage disposal 

 were established in place of the many tinkering artificial devices by which man s 

 prentice hand has tried in vain to improve on Nature both as regards artificial 

 manures and " artificial " methods of sewage dispos 



