May 21, i?9 8 ' 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



323 



Unfortunately the best plant with white flowers the pasture has almost invariably been coarser where this 



T^fn^ much, JS* seed ; but it was hoped that Mr. Tames would perse- 

 refuses to set mucn, _ y, ^ aUractive ffom the 



vere " 



and try to es tablish a new race 



was applied, 



whether the plot has been grazed or mown, and the conclusion must be arrived at 

 that even one dressing of nitrate of soda applied to a pasture will, in after years, 

 do considerable damage ; this has been the case whether the nitrate of soda was 

 Grounds, Exeter, have been re- applied by itself or in combination with other manures. Common salt has not 



been effective in improving pasture, and in no case has lime given anything like a 

 profitable return. In most cases basic slag has given the results generally attributed 

 to lime at a much less cost. The results at Herriard show that where pasture is 

 rough and benty, a good harrowing in the spring will do much to improve such 

 land, and that manures applied after such a harrowing are more quickly effective. 



silvery appearance of the leaves. 



The Northernhay Pleasure 



, Hed by Messrs. R. Veitch and Son, Exeter, under the superintendence of 

 J 1 w M eyer. The work has just been completed, and visitors are now able 



udee [ n a i ar ge measure, the very many and desirable improvements made, 

 toth in the beautification of grounds and for the accommodation of visitors. One 

 f the most effective alterations has been carried out near the Bucknill Memorial, 



where in place of ugly and unattractive slopes, a most picturesque rock-garden Basic slag, applied early in April, at Herriard, after a good harrowing, gave an 



has-been formed with boulders of real Dartmoor granite protruding from the — u — - — 



around as if they had been forced up by natural upheavals. A cavern is formed, 

 over which small waterfalls emerge There is a miniature pond among the rocks, 

 and it is studded with water-lilies and other suitable flowers, including the most 

 beautiful of Marliac's nymphoeas. The overflow water is made to do duty in 

 supplying the necessary nourishment to a fairly large collection of bog plants, 

 which naturally require a good deal of moisture. The plants include^ blue and 

 yellow gentians, iris, arums, day lilies, and double marsh marigolds, with several 

 ornamental grasses. Scattered among the rocks are edelweiss, mountain cress, 



excellent result on the grass crop of the same year. 



Orchid Sale at Walton Grange.— The sale of surplus and duplicate 



orchids at Walton Grange, Stone, Staffordshire, the residence of William 

 Thompson, Esq., a few days since, created an immense amount of interest, and 

 there was a large muster of orchidists from various parts of the country. The 

 collection is equally well known for the rarity of many of the forms and the 

 splendid condition of the plants ; and in addition to the attractions of the sale, 

 there was an imposing display of flowers, which was considered by those present 

 well worth a long jouney. The odontoglossums, laelias, and cattleyas were 



harebells, alpine wallflowers, candytuft, phloxes, and other choice mountain simply magnificent, and, being tastefully arranged, produced a beautiful effect, 

 plants. The east side of the Bucknill Memorial is very differently treated, though The sale was conducted by Mr. Protheroe, of the firm of Messrs. Protheroe and 

 arranged so as to form a haimonius whole. It is designed in the shape of a Morris, and among those present were Mr. Low, of Enfield ; Mr. Godseff, of 

 mountain streamlet, with two small waterfalls supplied by a purling brook, which 

 apparently emerges from the recesses of a little fern-lined rock cave. The over- 



St. Albans; Mr. A. Outram, ofFulham; and Mr. Mason, 

 orchidists from 



Manchester, Bradford, Liverpool, 



There were many 

 Birmingham, and other 



flow here also goes to supply different plants requiring plenty of moisture, and provincial centres. There was a brisk competition for the plants offered, and 



none of the water is wasted. The natural effect is further enhanced by a good good prices were obtained, the principal lots being: Odontoglossum excellens 



collection of choice and native hardy ferns embedded among the rocks, and by Thompsoni, two bulbs and one lead, ^147 ; O. sceptrum aureum, four bulbs with 



the judicious intermixture of rock shrubs, such as the alpine rhododendrons, spike, £147 ; O. Ruckerianum ocellatum, £$2 103 ; O. Stevensi, six bulbs and 



various species of gorse, rock cistus, and cytisus. 



two leads, ^1 15 103. ; O. meleagris, one bulb, ^36 15s. ; O. crispum Alfred, 



The Postmen's Park.— We are informed that the vicar and churchwardens three bulbs, two leads, £26 5s.; O. sceptrum Argus, seven bulb?, two leads, 



of St. Botolph, Aldersgate Street, have purchased from the City Parochial 

 Trustees the desirable piece of land in Little Britain that has been so much talked 

 about of late. The terms are that the western portion will be handed over 

 on June 24 next, on the payment of ,£6,000, and the eastern portion will be con- 

 veyed on the payment of a further sum of ^"6,000, if made within two years from 

 that date. Mr. Norman, the senior churchwarden, has sufficient money sub- 

 icribed to meet the payment of June 24 next, but needs £3,000 for the second 

 payment, 



^15 15s. ; O. Wilckeanum concinnum, one bulb, one lead, £15 15s ; O. crispum 

 aureum, one bulb, one growth, £27 6s. ; O. Crispum Kate, £21 6s. ; 

 O. excellens, three bulbs, one lead, £21 ; Cattleya labiata Peteersi superba, three 

 bulbs, one lead, ^78 15s. ; C. Victoria Regina, four bulbs ; ^46 4s. ; Cattleya 

 labiata caerulescens, two bulbs, one lead, ^31 105. ; Laelio-cattleya pallans, 

 £12 12s. ; Cypripedium insigne Dorothy, one old and two new growths, £22 ; 



■ 



C- Leeanum superbum, one old and two new growths, ^31 10s. ; C. Rothschilde- 

 anum, £22. The sale was well arranged, and the plants in such excellent 



liberal employer. 



Mr. W. H. Lees has been advising the members of the Wood Green 

 Horticultural Club on the cultivation of crysanthemums, and had the advantage of 



Horticultural School.-The county School of Horticulture at Chelmsrord f condition as t0 ^ ^ P raise to Mr ' StevenS ' ? e enthusiastic grower who 



continues to do excellent work in the teaching of both science and practice to [^T^LT ^PO'tant P ost Wlth the S reatest satisfaction to his 



youths engaged in gardening, and during the last season special attention was " 

 devoted to the propagation of plants and fruit culture. The school is held in 



the newly-erected biological laboratory, which is found to be admirably suited for . T tU ,,. . , M . Tam u . A ^ 



the particular kind of work carried on in the horticultural courses. Referring to ^/T Dg f aU f nce - * thC C0Ur>e ° f 5* . 1 \t V 'LTa 



the work of the school, the Board of Agriculture's inspector observes in* hi. wUh the cultivation of crysanthemums generally and with the pecuharmes and 



report: "The most important part of the horticultural work of the Essex requirements of the leading varieties, and received a hearty vote of thanks at the 



Techmcal Instruction Committee has been the various courses of horticulture at BuIbs _ Mr . F . Egbert Hollond, Satis House, Yoxford, submitted 



to the R.H.S. Scientific Committee some bulbs which had been planted last July, 

 had never thrown up any leaves, but had formed freihlbulbs upon the old ones, 

 which had withered. It appeared to be a case common in potatos, when it is 



It was possibly due to the freesia bulbs having been planted at the wrong time of 

 the year, energy being expended in a wrong direction. 



The French Society for the Encouragement of National 



the laboratories at Chelmsford, in continuation of those initiated during the pre- 

 ceding year. No less than five of these, each lasting for three weeks, were held, 

 «nd the total number of pupils was seventy. The work carried on is scientific 



"a practical, and whenever inspected has appeared of a high order The class , tLL -r j . t_ r.vu 



loo, who attended are of the right sort, as they all come straight from L dens Calkd \ ■*£ ^ ^ !° T ™ 6 at f^T^ ° ^ 



to attend the courses." It is satisfactory to know that the training LcewJ lt Z '* ~ " haV1 " P ^ at ^ """" ^ * 



Knool ,s not intended by the authorities to be the end, but rather the beginning, ^ . _ 



ot the young gardener's technical education. The aim of the combined laboratory Prize Essays. . ... .. . 



y garden work is to teach right methods, to stimulate or iginaT thought and* InduStry offerS '° r ° PCn c ™^ lt ™ * ^ °\ £8 ° f ° r ^ ° f the foll ° Win * '.' « 

 "ouse b the mind of the pupil a desire to investigate things for himself it is ^ ~™ ^ a ° r,CUltUral ^ eC ° n0mV ° f ^ ^ DrOVmCe " 



mittee'rw^ °1 S ° heme ° f horticultural education inaugurated by the com- 

 for LZl ° tS : aftCr leavin S the school > take U P special line of study 



«ly by such 1?k ° n thC W ° rk alfeady begUn in the ^ass-rooms. It is 



^ dimmest T n ^ S F° tly s y stematical 'y P«™ed that anything but the 



DeTa ° btained ° f intHCate PrOCeSSCS ° f Pknt " fe " 



the luTrIf *?!*~^ Ir ' C .°° ke ' The Croft > Detlin g> Maidstone, forwarded to 

 P*. which had fe, i L C ° mmUtee some young plants of the American Wonder 

 * e d °ing well o,h! i ^T" They Were Sown last November, and while many 



h " ^Pcrien ^ w ^ * ye,,0W ' Mr ' Sutt ° n observed that 



I the skbT Z M pCaS ' M thC above ' were suitabl e for autumn 



^ *inter so wen' ^ thaD th ° Se ° f round P eas « wil1 °ot stand 



Fertile - W3S ' therefor e, the probable cause of failure. 



The best report on the agricultural and rural economy of any one province or 

 department ; (2) the best report on the physical constitution and chemical com- 

 position of the soils of any district of France ; (3) the best report on vine culture 

 and on the influence of manures and of vinification upon the quality of wines ; (4) 

 the best report on the maladies of cider and on means for checking or preventing 

 them. A prize of ^120 is offered tor the best report on the alcoholic ferments 

 which are active in ihe manufacture of beverages, and a prize of £40 for a 

 practical methcd of getting rid cf certain pests of the grape vine. Competitions 

 close on December 31, and papers have to be addressed to the Secretary, at 44* 

 Rue de Rennes, Paris. The society awards each year a large gold medal to the 



_ who has exercised the greatest influence upon the progress of French 

 industry during the previous six years ; in 1899 this medal is to be assjgned to 



writer 



Lawn 



In a highly scientific paper by Professor 



agriculture. 



The Structure of Dendroceros 



lDi Rh state of fertiM^rT'I 8 Kaslures — Lawns and pastures evincing Douglas Campbell read before a recent meeting of the Lmnean Society, and 

 * ^ infor ma o ' L T ^ S ° materklly l ° the charms of «»e country house, dealing with the structure of Dendroceros, the author concluded that in its apical 



Towth nf ,k. ! 00 rdat,n e to the»r maintenance in a condition . ns „Hn„ . L 1 erowt n and the form of the thallus, Dendroceros differs decidedly from other 



genera of the crder Hepatic*. The archegonium corresponds m its structure to 

 that of the other Anthccerolaceae, ar.d is intermediate in character between Noto- 

 thylus and Anthoceros. The antheridium is solitary, and arises, as in the others 



of the order, endogenously. # 

 Anthoceros, but the first tiansverse wall determines the limits of the foot, as m 

 Notothylas The origin of the archesporium is from the amphithecium, as in the 

 and at «h* M • LT~ ™ ' ' r— t-™ manure ror tnis pur- other genera, but it is less massive than in either of these. The division of the 

 As a mil ? * haS glVe ° exceIlent re *ults four years after archesporial cells into sporogenous and sterile ones is less regular than in either 



e lighter?-, 1 * manure (as kainit or sul P ha te of potash) has of the other genera, and the primary archesporial cells may be transformed directly 

 Kiuer smic — »- !-.-■-..- r / ... t__.t-_>ju..___ j n j) Breuteh the spores 



uw *>>• information hSmoZZ Z m *r tuuiy 10 me ctlarms of th « country house, 

 *** of the grass shn ?f V 7 ma ' ntenance in a condition ensuring a vigorous 

 of the Un ^ rS 5, De . take ? fuU advan,age of " ^ 



some time past the 



1>rofe *0' Gilchris ^^"2 en Extensi ° n College, Reading, has, under the direction of 

 ^"''"g of grass land, ^ * ° Ut & Series of 



experiments on the 



rcs «»ts show concL,V , S ?u eXpe u me ? tS WCre made at fourt een centres, and 

 ST^ P*ture, C h n ?'t f , Ph ° SphaliC are ^ ^ful for im- 



SL^ ^n th mos eco! 71 in ^ uali ty- On the whole, basic 



r^^ton an" S ir tfll! £»* <™*' «» ™ ¥' 



The first wall in the embryo is lorgitudinal, as in 



1 ^PHcation. 

 useful 



legu 



^i n 7K. e ? Ctive - Nitrate of soda 



first 



into sporogenous ones without any further divisions 

 remain undivided, but in D. crispus they germinate within the capsule, and are 

 discharged as multi-cellular bodies. The absence of stomata from the capsule, as 



year K»it h « _ 1 ™wt<ucu me uuik con- aiscnargeu as uiuni-<->-"- — 



' nas made the pasture coarser ; after the first year stated formerly by Leitgeb, was confirmed. 



