39» 



GARDENERS 



s 



MAGAZINE, 



TuNE 18, 1898. 



soils are nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash. Nitrogen occurs in manures as : 

 nitrates, as in nitrate of soda ; ammonia salts, as in sulphate of ammonia ; and 

 organic nitrogen, as in dried blood and rape meal. Nitrogen as nitrates is 

 immediately available as plant food ; nitrogen as ammonia salts soon becomes 

 available ; nitrogen as organic nitrogen is much more slowly available. Phos- 

 phoric acid combined with lime is generally present in manures as : insoluble 

 phosphate of lime, as in bone meal and basic slag ; and soluable phosphate of 

 lime, as in superphosphates and dissolved bones. Insoluble phosphate of lime is 

 converted into soluble or superphosphate by treating it with sulphuric acid. 

 Soluble phosphates are generally more active than insoluable phosphates in pro- 

 moting plant food. Potash is the valuable ingredient in kainit, sulphate of 

 potash, and muriate of potash. Potash has generally a better effect on light than 

 on heavy soils. Artificial manures should be purchased on a guaranteed analysis, 

 and the source from which their fertilising ingredients are derived should be 

 stated. This latter precaution is especially necessary in purchasing bone or mixed 

 manures. In order to be able to compare the relative values and cost of different 

 manures, the purchaser should receive from the seller a statement giving the per- 

 centages of any valuable ingredients the manure contains. The percentage of 

 nitrogen in a manure should be stated in its equivalent of ammonia, that of 

 insoluble phosphoric acid as phosphate of lime, and soluable phosphoric acid as 

 pho=phate of lime, and that of potash salts in their equivalent in potash. 



Names of Plants.— Under this heading we can only undertake to name 

 species and specific varieties of plants, and not florists 5 flowers. Specimens should 

 be packed in stout boxes with damp moss or leaves as packing material to ensure 

 their reaching us in a fresh state. It is essential that flowers must accompany 

 specimens of flowering plants, that fern fronds be fertile, and that the numbers be 

 legible and firmly attached to the specimens. We cannot promise to name more 

 than six specimens at one time from any one correspondent. 



A. E. M., Uttoxeter : 1, Amelanchier canadensis ; 2, Berberis stenophylla. 



F. E. D. f Reading : 1, Papaver bracteatum ; 2, Oxytropis ceerulea ; 3, Tro- 

 poeolum tncolorum 5 4, Marsilea quadrifoliata. 



L. H., Normanton: 1, Clematis coccinea ; 2, Campanula glomerata ; 3, Phil- 

 adelphus coronarius ; 4, Phillyrea spinosa. 



R. O. W., Gloucester: 1, Combretum purpureum ; 2, Leschenaultia biloba 

 major ; 3, a very poor Lcelia purpurata. 



H. C, Gravesend : 1, Silene orientalis ; 2, Heuchera sanguinea ; 3, Genista 

 hispanica; 4, Acplegia glandulosa. 



W. L., Kings Lynn: 1, Asplenium biforme ; 2, Nephrolepis Duffi ; 7, 

 Nothochlrcna smuata ; 4, Gymnogramma Alstoni. 



Markets. 



Covent Garden. 



: car "ations, is. to 3 s. ; eucharis, 35. l0 « 

 i. 3S. to 4 s.; tea roses, 6d. to is.; pink roses' 



Fruit and vegetables are now plentiful, and with a good demand nri™* 

 Strawberries are cheapening fast, so also are cherries and aDricoN rl* modcr *te. 

 trade continues good, and supplies are not over abundant for the *pVc,J 1 fla ** 



c ocdijon 01 the year 

 Fruit.— Tasmanian apples, 8s. to 15s. per case- Enrich n 

 Channel Islands, is. 6d. to 23. ; Belgian, IG d. to is. 6d. per lb nin^nni' 2S ' t0 *• ! 

 5s. each ; bananas, 6s. to 10s. per bunch ; English tomatos 6d' to 8 d • T 2S ' 6d# 10 

 6d. per lb.; Canary, rod. to is. 4 d per tray, 3 s. to 4 s. per case; 

 gd. to is. per box, 2s. to 3s. 6d. per square, 4 s. 6d. to 8s. 6d. per hilf *Uv» • ™^ 

 6d. to is. per box; peaches, 4 s. to 12s. per dozen ; lemons, 8s to ios • pncots » 

 to 25s. per case; strawberries, is. 6d. to 3 s. 6d. per gallon basket* eooX^ 125 * 

 to 4*. per half-sieve, ' s^^mes, 3^ 



Blowers.— Arums, 3s. to 4s. ; 

 gardenias, is. to 3 s. ; Lilium Harrisi 



3 s. to 6s. ; red roses, 2s. to 4$. ; cattteyas, 6s. to gs."; OdonVoglossum crisnum\?^ 

 to4s.; and tuberoses, is. to is. 6d. per dozen blooms; Adiantum cuneatum' ♦ 

 8?. ; marguerites, 2s. to 4 s.; mignonette, 2s. to 4s. ; pelargoniums (scarleO is'tofe • 

 violets, 9d. to 3s. 6d. per dozen bunches; azaleas, 6d. to 9 d. ; stephanotis 2s to 7-"- 

 hly of the valley, 6d. to is. ; white gladiolus, 6d. to gd ; and pelargoniums' A to 61 

 per dozen sprays ; botivardias, 6d. to 8d. ; white lilac, 3s. to 4s. per bjnch.' ' 



Vegetables.— Asparagus, gd. to 4s. per bundle; endive, is. 3d. to is 6d • 

 lettuce, 6d. to 9d. ; cos, is. 6d. to 2s. ; cucumbers, 23. to 4s. ; cauliflowers is tD 21. 

 per dozen; mint, 23. to 33.; new carrots, 4s. to 5s.; turnips, 5s to 6s.'; parsley 

 is. 3d. to is. 6d. per dozen bunches ; Egyptian onions, 6s. to 7s. per cwt Eagtish 

 spring, is.6d. to 2s. 6d. per dozen bundles ; green peas, 6s. to 8s. per bushei; Frend 

 beans, 3d. to 4d. per lb. ; mushrooms, 6s. to 83. ; eschalots, 23. to 2s. 6d. per 12 ib.; 

 rhubarb, is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. ; radishes, 6d. to gd. per dozen bundles; broccoli, 4s. to 

 6s. per crate; spinach, is. 6d. to 2s. per bushel; Canary potatos, 93. to 12s.; MUt» 

 rounds, 8s. to 10s. ; Jersey, 13s. to 15s. per cwt. ; Lisbon rounds, 5s. per box. 



Borough Potato Market. 



There is a good trade in new potatos, and owing to increasing supplies prices have 

 fallen. There is still a fair demand for old potatos. Dunbars, 130s. ; S:otch Mag- 

 nums, 120s. ; Bruce, Main-crops, Sutton's Regents, Reading Giants, and Saxons, 

 iios. per ton: Belgians and Germans, 4s. 6d. to 53.3d. per bag. New— Wiliest 

 rounds, 6s. ; Teneriffe kidneys, 6s. to 75. ; St. Malo, 8s. ; Jerseys, 8s. 6d. to 9s. 6d 

 Cherbourg Flukes, 8s. to 8s. 6d. ; ditto, Kidneys, 7s. 6d. per cwt. ; Lisbon rounds, 

 3s. 6d. to 4s. per box. 



The Fruit Bloom and Fruit Prospects.— There is such a very wide dis- 

 parity generally between the bloom promise on fruit trees and the fruit now seen, 

 that I hope it may be possible for some clear conclusions to be arrived at as to the 

 causes of this disparity, when fruit returns are furnished. That we rush hastily to 

 conclusions as to the cause, I have no doubt. It is very desirable, too, that the con- 

 clusions should generally be unanimous. Last year there were great anticipations 

 that were falsified by results. By some it was, as usual, attributed to the spring 

 irosts, by others to the demoralising influence of the previous heavy autumn rains 

 on the flower-buds, and some gave other reasons. I should like to see some atten- 

 tion given to the probable influence of an excessive bloom on fruit production, also 

 whether anyone did in the early spring experiment by pulling ofT one-half the 

 bloom from a tree, to see what the effect would be, and stating what that result 

 was. Most certainly there is on every hand great disappointment. There will be 



WEATHER DURING THE WEEK 



Stations. 



Temperature of the Air. 



Highest. Lowest 



_ r • c . • . ^itai uiaApuuiuuiiciu. JL iierc Will l>e 



a fair crop of apples, but not at all a heavy one, which may, after all, be a good 

 ining. l ears will be a very light crop, and plums very much lighter ; indeed, in 



MS there are nonrv rK«,; 0 , k. ; 1- t_A ' 



thing. 



sES 7 ^ tha ,t arC t Cherries'srt "heavily,' but manyTiuks 'have fallen.' 



SWiof these there should be a fair crop, Morellos, indeed being a heavy one. 



rt22SS2**!i?7 plen J' Ul and chea P- Red currants fair > and black currants 

 UC same but aphis is terribly prevalent. It is odd that with a season of moisture 



we should have aphis infesting everything, everywhere. We ought to have a 



R rt* 1 Y Y f r0p ; u nd no doubt sha11 now » hat onl y a ^ry few blooms were 

 njurea by the fros . I hope we may obtain from contributors of keen observation 



cL™l>™ U <± I^ f °/i he ca ? ses .that havered to such a moderate fruit 



London .••»»•..... 

 Croydon 



Brighton 



Bristol 



Wolverhampton 



Norwich 



Nottingham 

 Liverpool 



Huddersfield .. 



Bradford 



Hull 



Fahrenheit. 



76*0 



47 2 



75*4 



47 '0 



7 6"8 



47-6 



74*3 



45'o 



73*2 



41*4 



7**o 



46-6 



7i'5 



48-3 



72*3 



49 '8 



69-8 



1 4^-5 



73'4 





Mean. 



Fahren- 



Centi- 



heit. 



grade. 



60*2 



15 6/ 



58 "5 



1472 





14*72 



57'i 





54*9 



h 12*72 



57*2 



14 00 



57*4 



14*11 



568 



1378 



55*4 



ij'oo 



58-6 



14*78 



Kainfal 



In 



Inches. 



In Cm 



0*23 

 o 29 



o'i7 

 o*io 



0-17 



O'OQ 

 008 



0'23 



0*11 



0*5* 



074 

 04) 



o'tS 



4*7$ 

 o*4) 

 0'*$ 



051 



r II • • ™ WAV, vauaca HJctL Hi 



crop following such a wonderfully profuse bloom. 



n..A" Eff f c * ive Insecticide.— Many experimenters have tried to obtain 

 fZll L" J 1 and / uch ^bstances as carbolic acid, turpentine, resin, and 

 benzine have been used for this purpose. They have all failed, however, either 



in J^L, ,u I'P*?**' or more decidedly through the separation of the 

 S Fa ,?n r e n d " UU ^ ° f S" '^ Uid - Mr. Hubert II. Couzens, M.A., of the 

 S„ V ,1? - g , e * ^ ye ' Kent ' states that ^ has tested all known modifica- 



nThf. ? L IT? m . aterla 'f/ besides many others not mentioned, and, as the outcome 



Sin L f ga -- DS ' a ''6 hted u P°n naphthaline as the key to the preparation of a 



mlZZu rfr^T' ° : Pr0t !^ lhe inve nti«" being exploited by outside Saturday, June 



manufacturers, it was patented by Mr. Couzens ; and any resident in Kent or Surrey 

 wn 0 wishes to prepare this wash, can secure working instructions on application to 



V p , ro « , * y send a stan, ped envelope for reply. Naphthaline is really Fr,day . J^^e n- 

 SSS sa,t ^ ofcr ^sote" or "creosote crystals." It dissolves in soap and in 

 SSE ^rtT*^ and J, hu s enables soap to dissolve paraffin even when highly 



W at « Th f dissolv ed napthaline also ballasts the minute globules of 



I shou nn? ° f oiI from the H( l uid ' The P">P°«i°n of paraffin 



a XoTi ? sxl It Zl "rfu' 1 ^ We , nty five P er eent.,while the naphthaline should form 



receia v KSL 1?" hnal pr ° duct - In the o{ ^ hard Water . » * 



Stfo e I t Sf Proportion of paraffin, or else to add more soap to the 



Sower fin es^W 7| e ^ CSiential for success with this wash & ^ther- 

 ol *m I'.t«S«h of tiX ,d kthers / reel y. it will not wet the insects, but beads " 



liquid will k 11 air the or n P °"? dS PCf hundred e all ° 0S ° f ° rdinar y Wat «, this 



clt is about s ^^teir^S 1DSeCtS met With in thi5 COUnUy ' and the 

 used it for three yearTon hot f Sa "° nS ° f wash ' Mr ' Couzens states lh " he ha ^ 

 abandoned quassia and all ofhU f € r' and roses with S reat succes s. «nd has 

 alone. An ordin*™ ui^™ . ! r torm , s of paraffin washes, and uses this substance 



The mean readin K of the Barometer during the week at Greenwich was 29 8 5. ,nc { 1 h e *• " 

 of the Thermometer 6o»* 2> the latter being 2»'o above the weeks average ■ »« Jr r 

 1841-90. The direction of the wind was variable, the horizontal movement of We •» J-J» 

 5 per cent, below the week's average in the 16 years 1860-7S. The duration of reg «ter« w 

 sunshine in the week was hours. The measured rainfall amounted to 0*31 of an muu 



ENGAGEMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK 



MEETINGS. 



Mondav, Junk 20.— Royal Agricultural Society's Show at Birmingl 



Horticultural Society. 

 Wednesday, June 22.— Jersey Horticultural Society's Rose Show. 



I HUKsday, June 23.— Natmnol P~,. Show and Conference 



Ryde Roit 



AUCTION 



Morris 



Contents. 



• • t 



• • i 



000 tn irt rr« ,1 enouLfti oi tne mixture i 



Un one occasion 



two men, enough was ma3e in » 7 

 lhe oroclur. »;iiL„ f.?? , . c,n a f ew hou 



dissolves 



of wash. As 



Answers to Correspondents 

 Chrysanthemums 

 Olivias 



Engagements for the Ensuing Week' 

 Ujcnibitions and Meetings :— 

 Royal Botanic Society 



Scottish Horticultural As*sociation 



Grand Yorkshire Gala 



Gardeners and Charitable Contributions 

 Laeho-Cattleya Hippolyta 

 Leaves from a Rambler s Note Book 

 Liquid Weed Destroyer 



Markets 



New Plants and Flowers 

 Royal Horticultural Society 



■ • ■ 



• * • 



PAGE 



397 



388 



398 



■ • • 



• • ■ 



• t ■ 



• • • 



• •• 



• • « 



• •• 



* • • 



• t • 



394 



394 



395 



389 

 390 



337 

 389 

 398 



386 



Notes of the Week 



A Useful Object L«»> rt 

 The Mock Oranges 

 Improvement of Pasture! 



Soils and Potting 

 The Strawberry Crop ... 

 The Weather ... ••; 

 Usefulness of Cruciferous rw 

 Vegetables for Exhibition * 

 Work for the Week 



• ■ 



'LLUSTRATIOjj. 



CobKaai 



Specimen Clivia ai ^JJTDuko* VaJ 

 L^lio-Cattte^ H^p^b ^ ^ ... 

 tWottleva radiato-Bo^nngw 



9* 



ir.e use of boilers during the hnZ UC5cn **a as doing away with ail necessity 

 a concentrated form y season * and the wash is always ready to hand 



IS 



containing practical JJxt thc P^cn f or tW- 



w the " Gardening Year Book ■ 



Fnat f Vegetables, &c. Price is. 

 [AdvttJ 



^ui^rajr, uoin in eating and drinking, and, awvc «", ^ y ^ CW^ii ' 

 pun hed by medicines of sterling worth, such as Hollo way s P ^ any 

 sport will never die while peopfe use these remedies, which will cure 

 give strength in place of weakness,— PAdvt.] 



