47 o 



GARDENERS' MAGAZINE. 



J° LY 23, 189* 



the soil beneath, it becomes clear enough that an immense system of ^-^T^."^J~7 ? mwat on two occasion, ri, u T~ 



supply must be at work to replace the loss. There is probably, indeed, a 1897, and April 26 1898 , Adams Pearmain, though only $eco 'J ! Uch 2 

 supply nmst oe at wo v _ .. C11 <- ^ thp frpH : n£r March meetings of 1897, was first m December. tRo! . r L* 00 .* 1 at both n 



direct ratio maintained between the transpiring surfaces and the feeding »™ "" "T^T ~T ~ ci;cinDer > «*98; 



uiici-i iauu moiHiauii, r reach second place, and that on August 10 anr) >>a »c«- 



roots, since in thick, fleshy plants, such as cacti, sediums, &c, the tenants P > SJ ° and 24, ,897 



occasions, 



— , — 7 ~ , **armain, though onlv 7"* " ,arcn2 3* 



March meetings of 1897, was first in December, 1898 • Lad s at °oth tW 

 reach second place, and that on August 10 and 24 1807 iiudel ey could only 



of dry soils and thirsty deserts, the roots are relatively scanty ; and in 

 the orchid tribe, where, on the other hand, constant moisture in the air 

 checks transpiration, and thick pseudo bulbs and leathery leaves are the 

 rule, we find the roots are thick and few, and mainly serve as attach- 

 ments to the site of growth. Water weeds will grow without any roots 

 to speak of, and afford another illustration of the rule. In watching the 

 development of seeds, one of the most marvellous and striking things is 

 the first differentiation of roots and leaves, the self same primary cell 

 splitting up into two, one of which then manufactures a root which shuns 



Court Pendu I'fe 



Herefordshire Pearmain was second on April 26 1808 b ' 2 ' 

 the following meeting. Other varieties with which first" n ^ ^ ^ * l 

 flavour are Benoni, September 8, 1896; Lord Burghlev Am? ***** for 

 Crab, June 15, 1897 I Kerry Pippin, September 7, isV Ma^l* 1 ^ 

 1898 ; and Lamb Abbey Pearmain, March 22, 1898. Apples that n ^ 

 higher than second place, and that only once during the two * 

 Astrachan, Duchess Favourite, > De Niege, Scarlet Nonpareil Brandv 1 *?* 

 Golden Reinette, Gravenstein, American Mother, Clayeate I 'earn, ■ 

 Blanche, Bess Pool, and Calville Rouge. The leading compctooTha^ 



spurting up into lwu, uhcui w11n.11 mtn ma».i».«v.vwi^o « iwi ..mv.u JUUUJ — - ± ue leaaing competitors hav 



the light and plunges into the soil, while the other does exactly the oppo- Mr. C. Herrin, Dropmore Gardens, who secured six firsts and seven <econT* 



site, and shoots upward to greet the sun and form the leaves. Despite Mr. J. Powell, four firsts and three seconds ; Mr. G. Woodward, MaiSon? 



this difference of habit, however, the sympathetic action between the three firsts and seven seconds ; Mr. G. Wythes, Syon Gardens, and Mr. J. Q 



Tallack, Livermere Park Gardens, with three fW* 



Tallack, Livermere Park W1U1 [nree nrsts and three seconds each • 



Mr. Prinsep, Buxted, two firsts ; Mr. Divers, Belvoir Castle Gardens, two firstl 

 and one second, and Mr. Bullock ditto. ' 



Th e Ground- Nut (Arachis hypogad) is largely exported from India tr> 



= England and France for oil-making and other purposes. The cultivation of the 



_ _ . . .. . ... Ground-nut was carried on extensively in Pondicherrv anH th* ir*A„. r „. 



A Special Exhibition of Bamboos will te provided at the next meeting fitaWe ^ k SQon became ^ J r ™/' ^JcT?«™ * 



of the Royal Horticultural Society, to be held in the Drill Hall, St. James's P re snoner or later to , n(i : n ^J»JTL*l °S 



two is perfectf; it is a true partnership on intelligent lines ; each seeks an 

 independent source of profit, and both work tolthe same end — the creation 

 of a flower, the perfection of the seed, and through this the perpetuation 

 of the race. 



Street, on Tuesday, July 26, by A. B. Freeman-Mitford, Esq., C,B., of Batsford 

 Park, Moreton-in-the-Marsb, Gloucestershire. Mr. Freeman- Mitford has probably 

 the finest existing collection of bamboos, and no one has a better knowledge of 

 these elegant plants than he, consequently, a special opportunity for gaining 

 information will be afforded on the date mentioned, for in addition to the exhibit 



sure sooner or later to end in disaster, and, according to Captain Xepean, in a 

 report to the Foreign Office, 1897 was a very bad year, and the harvest was 

 scarcely sufficient to supply the local oil mills ; unfavourable atmospheric condi- 

 tions are given as a reason for the sc arcity. The Governor of the French estab- 



there will be a lecture at three p.m. on the " Economic Uses of Bamboos," given ZTJ Z * - ~* C SS S « one basket. He 



bvthisaccomnli s h.d,entIem a n g *ated " the commerce and industry of the colony has declined greatly; our 



by this accomplished gentleman. 



exporting firms pay dearly for their over-estimated confidence in the cultivation of 



Hampstead Heath Extension.— The Tree and Open Spaces Committee Ground-nuts. During the last two years the output has failed completely. 



All 



000 



business has been stopped, and the traffic of the port has diminished in a proportion 



Hampstead Heath Extension^Fund for securing the Golder's Hill Estate, of over surpassing the most pessimistic predictions. The disasters which have followed 



thirty-six acres, as an addition to Hampstead Heath. About ^"40,000 is required are difficult to repair. A movement has become apparent in favour of the plurality 



for the purpose, towards which'about £i2,coo has already been secured by private - - - - 



subscriptions. Should this charming estate afcer all fall into the builders' hands, 



one of the most beautiful landscape views in England, and one that is at present improvement, but all efforts made to this end would be themselves irremediably 



enjoyed by the many thousands visiting Hampstead Heath, would be absolutely compromised if the oleaginous seeds embarked in our ports became liable to duty 



spoilt. A garden party in aid of the extension scheme was held in the grounds of when imported into France." It would appear that the necessity of plurality of 



of cultivation, which should be encouraged. This new distribution of producti 

 will assure to our colony a more staple position. There will be in it a chance of 



Golder's Hill on Thursday, the 21st inst. 



The Berlin) Sewage Farm.— The Berlin sewer system transports annually is ful, y appreciated. 



cultivation must be learned by experience, both by individuals and colonies, ere it 



000 to 70,000.000 



broad acres lying seven to fifteen miles from the city. The area of the fields 

 irrigated is more than 20,000 acres, or greater than the present area of the city, 

 which is twenty.five miles. We understand that [the] total cost of the drainage 

 system is about ,£5.208,333, and it is estimated that it will take £1,041,666 more „ „ 

 to complete it. Yet, owing to the enormous yield of the irrigated land, it will follows • 

 soon return a revenue on first cost, and pay for the investment besides. As many rw.5~ 

 as five crops of hay are cut in a single year, and several crops of vegetables are 

 obtained each season. 



Highly Flavoured Pears.— In the course of the two years during which 



the Veitch prizes for flavour have been competed for at the Drill Hall, West- 

 minster, there have been about a hundred and thirty-three dishes of pears staged, 

 representing a large number of varieties ; from these, however, only twenty-nine 

 sorts were con sidered sufficiently well flavoured to merit a prize, and these were at 



fnllnw^ • Winter V^l-i'c- HXm— t £_,.t-~ nn A coPAn^ . "Hnvpnnp da 



Laxto 



Messrs. Laxton Brothers, of Bedford, by crossing Waterloo with Elton Pine. A 

 tew truits submitted for our inspection travelled remarkably well ; they were large 

 specimens, bluntly conical in shape, but with a very slight tendency towards the 



WC(Ii;e-sh:iDe. In flavr.nr th. ■. . . , ..... 



wedge-shape. In flavour the v^ety is rich, juicy, and sweet,, with a pleasant 

 touch of acidity that is most refreshing. The strawberries are of a handsome dark 



scarlet hue. and the flesh is light scarlet. Provided it is a good cropper-and the _ 



•^^y^^i^r^^ 8 " Sh °^ h T 4 8 J Cat fUtUrC * Me, " iS ' ***** ^.***irftM -telHMii«'^iitti merited 



« ™«y. we are mformed that it ripens several days later than Waterloo. the second prize, and in the months indicated : Citron des Carmes, July ; Beurre 



/*. n ^ ~ H'Amanllc C^*.«_i , TT ^ . _i t> £ Cmiaifel October r 



wi. oiu»,n.u oumuicuiiy wen iiavuuicu lu mem <x pn^, 



Winter Nelis, Nov. -Jan., three firsts and one second ; Doyenne du 

 Cornice, October, three firsts ; Thompsons, October, two firsts and one second 

 Jargonelle, July-August, two firsts : Passe Crassane, February, two firsts ; and 

 Bergamot d'Esperen, Feb. -March, one first and two seconds. Williams bon 

 Chretien, Aug-Sept. ; Souvenir de Congres, September ; and Emile d'Heyst, 

 Oct. -Nov., each gained a first and a second prize. The prizes were won on one 

 occasion only with Beurre de 1'Assomption, August ; Beurre d'Anjou, November ; 

 Beurre du Buisson, November ; Beurre Ranee, March ; Louise Bonne of Jersey, 

 September ; President Barabe, December ; and Josephine de Malines, January- 

 Second prizes were won on two occasions with Beurre Brettoneau, Feb.-May; 

 Knight's Monarch, November; Glou Morceau, November; and Nec Plus 

 Meuris, Jan. -March. 



Our Best De5sert Apples.— The conditions under which the "Veitch 

 n/es lor Flavour " have been competed for at the various meetings of the Royal 

 Horticultural Society during the two years commencing July 14, 1896, and ending 

 in June 1S98, are now well known to our readers. The aim was to forma 



d'Amanlis, September; Beurre Hardy, October; Beurre Superfin, October * 

 Marie Guise, March; 



Fondante d 7 Automne, 



my . , -m.vu o^ptca ttuu prars lor uesscri at an seasons ; six 



mats 01 a variety had to be shown, and no exhibitor was allowed to compete a 



second time m one year with a variety that had already gained him a first prize ; r~T» ********** mree tirsts 



ntuner could one person obtain more than one second prize with the same variety. Cotterell > & Osborne, O. Thomas, W 



i he tabulated statement of results is published in the current issue of the R.H.S. F ' Harris ' W " Kin & R - Maher, and G. 



J > n*i and from it we find that Cox's Orange Pippin takes the l^ad among apples, and ninetee * second prizes between them. 

 OeXTw > ° n tWdVe OCCasioas ™* second twice ; it was not beaten during 



Autumn Nelis, September ; 

 September ; Marie Louise, October ; and Nouvelle Fulvie, November. The most 

 successful competitors were Mr. G. Woodward and Mr. C. Herrin, the former 

 winning six first and two second prizes, and the latter five firsts and one secon , 

 with the exception of Mr. J. Powell no other competitors gained more than one 



anuary 



Preservation of Scenery - rpu " i-^^KSKHf nf nreserving scenes 



beauty is at last being recognized by 



House 



_ — j - wytooHx was new m one 01 rne conm»«^ i-„etbv 



Commons, with Mr. Eryce, M.P., in the chair. There was a somewhat leug / 

 discussion, in th» ^ _r . . ..1. xi.- ~>i „enM>t<: of the question * 



February and March 1S0S O B ^ ecemDer 01 inat y ear ' ana HP** » 



Kibsto7l.i ppin ;Te ' m£ » "T™ ^ °™ g < S* ^ ° DCe by 



23, 1897. Ribston Pippin r^nksne x n r°f aCe fr 0 ^! P !- Ppin on November ^cussion, m the course of which the several aspects ot me M"«— 



above, it came second only to Cor O I akhou S h ^ hrst once ^ noted touched upon, and, at the close, a resolution, moved by the Duke of 



Pippin was first on February o rSo?^ ^' PPm ° n hve occas,ons - B1 «heim and seconded by Sir William Vincet, was unanimously passed, declaring « 1 



l>ecember it ,s.,a j . V ' 97, and second only to Cox's Oranee on desiraW*. . r„. ^^ted action betww- 



^»"ucr i 3 , tsoO, and January 12. iSo-- a- « 1 t i. » > 



success, coming first at one- nJ " a ° early apple Insh 1 each was 



« I'earmain led ? d ° ne * ^gust, 1897 I 



:em- 



- ju ^«a, turning tir 

 Worcester rearmain 

 ber8, 1896. Cocki 



protection 



ITSSS&^t HaVOUred a PP ,e of March 9. «d of 



memoers ot Parliament in both Houses on questions relating to w — r ^ 

 of rural scenes and landscapes and town prospects from such fWj^T 

 impairment as is not justified by considerations of public utility ; IW » ^. 

 vismn and maintenance of commons, open spaces, public parks, ^JTZ tt 

 c) the preservation of buildings and places which are of peculiar mtere * j ^ 

 beauty, or association, whether historical or literary; (d) the conser ^ 

 wild animals and plants : and ^Ih for asserting the importance, » 



